Question 1

Ribozymes

Accepted Answer

A)   are complexes of ribosomes and RNA.
B)   are self-catalytic RNA.
C)   suggest that nucleic acids evolved before proteins.
D)   are enzymes that degrade RNA and therefore have potential for clinical applications.
E)   are self-catalytic RNA AND suggest that nucleic acids evolved before proteins.F) None of the above
G) C) and E)

Question 2

DNA is characterized by which of the following feature(s) ?

Accepted Answer

A)   Ribose AND single-stranded
B)   Single-stranded AND uracil
C)   Deoxyribose AND single-stranded
D)   Deoxyribose AND thymine
E)   Thymine AND uracilF) None of the above
G) A) and B)

Question 3

Antisense RNA is the complement of the plus strand and may be useful in inhibiting translation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

The ribosomes

Accepted Answer

A)   move along the tRNA in a 3'-5' direction AND provide a platform that brings the amino acids into a favorable position for joining.
B)   move along the mRNA in a 3'-5' direction AND provide a platform that brings the amino acids into a favorable position for joining.
C)   move along the mRNA in a 5'-3' direction AND provide a platform that brings the amino acids into a favorable position for joining.
D)   move along the DNA in a 5'-3' direction AND provide a platform that brings the amino acids into a favorable position for joining.
E)   move along the DNA in a 3'-5' direction AND provide a platform that brings the amino acids into a favorable position for joining.F) A) and D)
G) C) and D)

Question 5

Why is the position of the first AUG after the ribosome binding site critical?

Accepted Answer

A)   Every polypeptide must start with methionine.
B)   It initiates transcription.
C)   Every polypeptide must start with arginine.
D)   It establishes the reading frame.
E)   Every polypeptide must end with methionine.F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 6

The 3' end of DNA

Accepted Answer

A)   has a hydroxyl group attached to the number 3 carbon of deoxyribose.
B)   attaches to the 3' phosphate group of the incoming nucleotide.
C)   always has thymine and uracil attached to it.
D)   usually has guanine and guanine attached to it.
E)   has a hydroxyl group attached to the number 3 carbon of ribose.F) All of the above
G) A) and C)

Question 7

DNA polymerases

Accepted Answer

A)   add nucleotides to the 3' end of RNA during transcription.
B)   generate short stretches of RNA called primers to initiate replication.
C)   unwind the DNA template at the replication fork.
D)   move in a 3' to 5' direction on the template DNA.
E)   only add nucleotides to the leading strand during replication.F) A) and B)
G) B) and E)

Question 8

Which of the following is an example of phase variation?

Accepted Answer

A)   N. gonorrhoeae expressing different types of pilin protein.
B)   Influenza virus expressing variations of glycoprotein HA and NA spikes.
C)   S. pyogenes producing a capsule of hyaluronic acid, which is also a host component.
D)   E. coli producing pili for attachment to epithelial cells.
E)   These are all examples of phase variation.F) A) and B)
G) C) and E)

Question 9

Without changing the sequence or the orientation of the sequence(s) , which is/are complementary to the sequence 5' AGGCUAAC 3'?

Accepted Answer

A)   5' TCCGATTG 3'
B)   3' TCCGATTG 5'
C)   5' CTTAGCCT 3'
D)   3' TAAGCTTA 5'
E)   3' TCCGATTC 5' AND 5' CTTAGCCT 3'F) A) and E)
G) All of the above

Question 10

The regulatory protein

Accepted Answer

A)   binds to the promoter region of DNA.
B)   may inhibit or enhance transcription.
C)   may control translation of the operon.
D)   affects the activity of the DNA polymerase.
E)   binds to the operator region of RNA.F) B) and D)
G) B) and E)

Question 11

Your patient has a fever of 39oC, sore throat, cough, and chest pain. You ask her whether she has had pneumococcal vaccine this year, which protects against the the 23 most common strains of the causative bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae. She says she has not. Your patient has a number of questions that you answer to help her understand the genetics of the organism causing her illness.
-You remind your patient that information for proteins is encoded in DNA ________. These are copied into ________ in the mRNA.

Accepted Answer

A)   triplets; codons
B)   codons; triplets
C)   nucleotides; codons
D)   codons; anticodons
E)   anticodons; tripletsF) B) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 12

When E. coli is placed in a medium containing both glucose and lactose, why does cell growth stop temporarily when the glucose is used up?

Accepted Answer

A)   Once glucose is depleted, the cell must use the lactose; before it can do this, it must express the lac operon and synthesize the enzymes needed to use lactose, which takes time.
B)   Once lactose is depleted, the cell must use the glucose; before it can do this, it must express the lac operon and synthesize the enzymes needed to use lactose, which takes time.
C)   Once glucose is depleted, the cell must use the lactose; before it can do this, it must express the lac operon-it can only do this if the culture medium is placed in the dark at 22ᵒC.
D)   Glucose is the preferred medium of the cells-when it is available, they grow extremely fast, and this depletes all the energy in the cell which must be replaced before it can use lactose.
E)   The presence of glucose denatures the lactose in the medium; once the glucose is depleted, the lactose has to regain its original shape before the cells can use it.F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 13

Operon(s)  in bacteria

Accepted Answer

A)   refers to a group of genes that are controlled in a coordinated manner AND involve monocistronic mRNA.
B)   refers to a group of genes that are controlled in a coordinated manner AND involve both monocistronic and polycistronic DNA.
C)   refers to a group of genes that are controlled in a coordinated manner AND involve monocistronic DNA.
D)   refers to a group of genes that are controlled in a coordinated manner AND involve polycistronic DNA.
E)   refers to a group of genes that are controlled in a coordinated manner AND involve polycistronic mRNA.F) B) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 14

When E. coli is grown in medium containing both glucose and lactose,

Accepted Answer

A)   the cells growth fastest after lactose is used up.
B)   the cells use lactose first, then glucose.
C)   the cells grow fastest initially when glucose is available.
D)   the cells use the glucose and then stop growing.
E)   the cells grow at the same rate until all sugars are depleted.F) B) and E)
G) C) and D)

Question 15

Your patient has a fever of 39oC, sore throat, cough, and chest pain. You ask her whether she has had pneumococcal vaccine this year, which protects against the the 23 most common strains of the causative bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae. She says she has not. Your patient has a number of questions that you answer to help her understand the genetics of the organism causing her illness.
-You explain that transcription starts at a particular region on the DNA template called the ________, and ends at a sequence called the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   promoter; stop codon
B)   promoter; terminator
C)   start codon; terminator
D)   start codon; stop codon
E)   initiator; terminatorF) B) and D)
G) A) and B)

Question 16

For synthesis of an inducible enzyme to occur,

Accepted Answer

A)   a compound must bind to the repressor.
B)   a compound must bind to the operator.
C)   a product must bind to the terminator.
D)   a corepressor must bind to the start codon.
E)   lactose must be present without fructose.F) B) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 17

Which pair is INCORRECT?

Accepted Answer

A)   Okazaki fragments-generated on the lagging strand during DNA replication.
B)   Splicing-removal of introns from prokaryote mRNA following transcription.
C)   Signal transduction-transmission of information from outside a cell to inside the cell.
D)   Constitutive enzymes-enzymes that are constantly produced by a cell.
E)   Promoter-nucleotide sequence to which RNA polymerase binds to start transcription.F) None of the above
G) A) and C)

Question 18

The DNA site to which the repressor protein binds is the

Accepted Answer

A)   operon.
B)   regulon.
C)   operator.
D)   repressor.
E)   starter.F) C) and D)
G) A) and B)

Question 19

Negative control means a regulator molecule is

Accepted Answer

A)   bound, and transcription starts.
B)   removed, and transcription is inhibited.
C)   bound, and transcription is inhibited.
D)   removed, and transcription starts.
E)   bound, and transcription is inhibited OR removed, and transcription starts.F) C) and D)
G) B) and E)

Question 20

The simultaneous regulation of many bacterial genes is

Accepted Answer

A)   quorum sensing.
B)   a regulon.
C)   local control.
D)   induction.
E)   global control.F) C) and D)
G) A) and C)

Exam 7: The Blueprint of Life, from DNA to Protein

Without changing the sequence or the orientation of the sequence(s) , which is/are complementary to the sequence 5' AGGCUAAC 3'?

Correct Answer
verified

Why is the position of the first AUG after the ribosome binding site critical?

Correct Answer
verified

Ribozymes

Correct Answer
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Antisense RNA is the complement of the plus strand and may be useful in inhibiting translation.

Correct Answer
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DNA polymerases

Correct Answer
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Negative control means a regulator molecule is

Correct Answer
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The ribosomes

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Which of the following is an example of phase variation?

Correct Answer
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When E. coli is grown in medium containing both glucose and lactose,

Correct Answer
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Which pair is INCORRECT?

Correct Answer
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The 3' end of DNA

Correct Answer
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The simultaneous regulation of many bacterial genes is

Correct Answer
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The regulatory protein

Correct Answer
verified

DNA is characterized by which of the following feature(s) ?

Correct Answer
verified

For synthesis of an inducible enzyme to occur,

Correct Answer
verified

Operon(s) in bacteria

Correct Answer
verified

When E. coli is placed in a medium containing both glucose and lactose, why does cell growth stop temporarily when the glucose is used up?

Correct Answer
verified

The DNA site to which the repressor protein binds is the

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 7: The Blueprint of Life, from DNA to Protein

Without changing the sequence or the orientation of the sequence(s) , which is/are complementary to the sequence 5' AGGCUAAC 3'?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Why is the position of the first AUG after the ribosome binding site critical?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Ribozymes

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Antisense RNA is the complement of the plus strand and may be useful in inhibiting translation.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

DNA polymerases

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Negative control means a regulator molecule is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The ribosomes

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is an example of phase variation?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When E. coli is grown in medium containing both glucose and lactose,

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which pair is INCORRECT?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The 3' end of DNA

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The simultaneous regulation of many bacterial genes is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The regulatory protein

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

DNA is characterized by which of the following feature(s) ?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

For synthesis of an inducible enzyme to occur,

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Operon(s) in bacteria

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When E. coli is placed in a medium containing both glucose and lactose, why does cell growth stop temporarily when the glucose is used up?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The DNA site to which the repressor protein binds is the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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