Question 1

Which two functional groups are always found in amino acids?

Accepted Answer

A)   carbonyl and amino groups
B)   carboxyl and amino groups
C)   amino and sulfhydryl groups
D)   hydroxyl and carboxyl groupsE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 2

Use the figure to answer the question.

Thalidomide and L-dopa (see figure) are examples of pharmaceutical drugs that occur as enantiomers, or molecules that ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   have identical three-dimensional shapes
B)   are mirror images of one another
C)   are mirror images of one another and have the same biological activity
D)   are cis-trans isomersE) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 3

Which action could produce a carbonyl group?

Accepted Answer

A)   the replacement of the -OH of a carboxyl group with hydrogen
B)   the addition of a thiol to a hydroxyl
C)   the addition of a hydroxyl to a phosphate
D)   the replacement of the nitrogen of an amine with oxygenE) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 4

The kind and number of bonds an atom can form depends on ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   its atomic number
B)   its electron configuration
C)   its atomic mass
D)   the number of particles in its nucleusE) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 5

Which functional group is not present in this molecule?

Accepted Answer

A)   carboxyl
B)   sulfhydryl
C)   hydroxyl
D)   aminoE) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 6

Use the figures to answer the question.
A.

B.

C.

D.

Which molecule shown contains a carboxyl group?

Accepted Answer

A)   A
B)   B
C)   C
D)   DE) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 7

Use the figures to answer the question.
A.

B.

C.

D.

Which molecule shown above contains a functional group that is a part of the molecule known as the "energy currency of living organisms"?

Accepted Answer

A)   A
B)   B
C)   C
D)   DE) C) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 8

What determines whether a carbon atom's covalent bonds to other atoms are in a tetrahedral configuration or a planar configuration?

Accepted Answer

A)   the presence or absence of bonds with oxygen atoms
B)   the presence or absence of double bonds between the carbon atom and other atoms
C)   the polarity of the covalent bonds between carbon and other atoms
D)   the solvent in which the organic molecule is dissolvedE) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 9

Visualize the structural formula of each of the following hydrocarbons. Which hydrocarbon has a double bond in its carbon skeleton?

Accepted Answer

A)   C₃H₈
B)   C₂H₆
C)   C₂H₄
D)   C₂H₂E) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 10

The complexity and variety of organic molecules is due to ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   the chemical versatility of carbon atoms
B)   the variety of rare elements in organic molecules
C)   the diverse bonding patterns of nitrogen
D)   their interaction with waterE) A) and B)
F) A) and D)

Question 11

In an ethane (C₂H₆) molecule, each carbon atom is bonded to ________ hydrogen atoms.

Accepted Answer

A)   two
B)   three
C)   four
D)   sixE) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 12

Use the figures to answer the question.

Which molecules shown contain a carbonyl group?

Accepted Answer

A)   A and B
B)   B and C
C)   B, C, and D
D)   C and DE) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 13

Use the figures to answer the question.
A.

B.

C.

D.

Which molecule shown above can contribute negative charge when positioned in a chain?

Accepted Answer

A)   A
B)   B
C)   C
D)   DE) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 14

Stanley Miller's 1953 experiments supported the hypothesis that ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   life on Earth arose from simple inorganic molecules
B)   organic molecules can be synthesized abiotically under conditions that may have existed on early Earth
C)   life on Earth arose from simple organic molecules, with energy from lightning and volcanoes
D)   the conditions on early Earth were conducive to the origin of lifeE) A) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 15

Use the figures to answer the question.
A.

B.

C.

D.

Which molecule can be a result of mercaptoethanol reduction of a disulfide bridge?

Accepted Answer

A)   A
B)   B
C)   C
D)   DE) A) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 16

Use the figures to answer the question.
A.

B.

C.

D.

Which molecule shown has a carbonyl functional group in the form of an aldehyde?

Accepted Answer

A)   A
B)   B
C)   C
D)   DE) A) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 17

Each bond in carbon dioxide represents ________.
O  C  O

Accepted Answer

A)   one resonating electron
B)   a pair of shared electrons
C)   two pairs of shared electrons
D)   a pair of protonsE) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 18

Use the figures to answer the question.
A.

B.

C.

D.

Which molecule shown can increase the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution and is therefore an organic acid?

Accepted Answer

A)   A
B)   B
C)   C
D)   DE) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 19

Choose the term that correctly describes the relationship between these two sugar molecules:

Accepted Answer

A)   structural isomers
B)   cis-trans isomers
C)   enantiomers
D)   isotopesE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 20

Amino acids are acids because they always possess ________ as the functional group?

Accepted Answer

A)   amino
B)   carbonyl
C)   carboxyl
D)   phosphateE) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Exam 4: Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

Which two functional groups are always found in amino acids?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In an ethane (C₂H₆) molecule, each carbon atom is bonded to ________ hydrogen atoms.

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The kind and number of bonds an atom can form depends on ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Use the figure to answer the question. Thalidomide and L-dopa (see figure) are examples of pharmaceutical drugs that occur as enantiomers, or molecules that ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What determines whether a carbon atom's covalent bonds to other atoms are in a tetrahedral configuration or a planar configuration?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Use the figures to answer the question. A. B. C. D. Which molecule shown above contains a functional group that is a part of the molecule known as the "energy currency of living organisms"?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Each bond in carbon dioxide represents ________. O C O

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Use the figures to answer the question. A. B. C. D. Which molecule shown has a carbonyl functional group in the form of an aldehyde?

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Visualize the structural formula of each of the following hydrocarbons. Which hydrocarbon has a double bond in its carbon skeleton?

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Amino acids are acids because they always possess ________ as the functional group?

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Which action could produce a carbonyl group?

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Choose the term that correctly describes the relationship between these two sugar molecules:

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Use the figures to answer the question. A. B. C. D. Which molecule shown can increase the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution and is therefore an organic acid?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Use the figures to answer the question. A. B. C. D. Which molecule can be a result of mercaptoethanol reduction of a disulfide bridge?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Stanley Miller's 1953 experiments supported the hypothesis that ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The complexity and variety of organic molecules is due to ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Use the figures to answer the question. A. B. C. D. Which molecule shown contains a carboxyl group?

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Use the figures to answer the question. A. B. C. D. Which molecule shown above can contribute negative charge when positioned in a chain?

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Use the figures to answer the question. Which molecules shown contain a carbonyl group?

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Which functional group is not present in this molecule?

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