A) Yam farming had environmental consequences that increased malaria rates, which in turn selected for the genetic mutation related to sickle-cell anemia.
B) Yam farming improved the quality of the local diet, which decreased malaria rates, and that in turn selected for the genetic mutation related to sickle-cell anemia.
C) The genetic mutation related to sickle-cell anemia compromised the average health of the population, leading people to farm yams in order to improve their diet.
D) The genetic mutation related to sickle-cell anemia protected people against malaria, allowing them to engage in sedentary agricultural practices such as yam farming.
E) Yam farming and the genetic mutation related to sickle-cell anemia arose separately, but each one influenced the other in a cycle of mutual constitution.
G) A) and D)
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A
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A) obesity is largely the result of genetics.
B) obesity rates are unrelated to a country's gross domestic product (GDP) .
C) cultural differences in obesity are largely a product of the percentage of fat in diets.
D) people from "heavier" cultures tend to have more children than those from "lighter" cultures.
E) None of these statements is correct.
G) A) and D)
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A) cognitive deficits.
B) relative deprivation for income.
C) levels of stress.
D) education levels.
E) All of these options are correct.
G) B) and C)
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E
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A) cultural practices can affect human evolution.
B) cultural practices are shaped by the local geography.
C) people from different cultures differ more in terms of their genes than they do in terms of their cultural practices.
D) this inability is due to a proximal cause.
E) genetic differences are difficult to overcome.
G) A) and C)
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A) Your sample prefers smaller dogs.
B) Your sample cares very little about dogs.
C) Your sample does not like smaller dogs.
D) Your sample is annoyed by the questions.
E) Your sample has negative attitudes toward dogs.
G) A) and B)
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A) consuming less red wine.
B) consuming fewer calories.
C) going to the gym more often.
D) avoiding high-fat foods.
E) having a different sense of humor.
G) A) and B)
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A) She should study high- and low-SES people who differ in their access to quality health care.
B) She should study high- and low-SES people with diseases that respond well to treatment.
C) She should study high- and low-SES people that differ in the danger level of their jobs.
D) She should study high- and low-SES people who have diseases with genetic causes.
E) She should study high- and low-SES people who differ in terms of life stress.
G) C) and D)
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Students should identify the epidemiolog...View Answer
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A) No: Obesity rates have risen faster than can be explained by changes in the genetic makeup of a population.
B) Yes: The epidemiological paradox suggests that genetic changes primarily drive biological changes.
C) No: The fact that European Americans have better health than Hispanic Americans is evidence that cultural changes can account for biological changes.
D) Yes: The French paradox suggests that the lower obesity rates in France than in the United States can be attributed to genetic differences between the two populations.
E) No: The fact that Melanesians live in different locations than people from Equatorial Africa but still have similar skin colors means that culture cannot account for biological changes.
G) C) and D)
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A) As a country's wealth increases, the average height of the country's population also increases.
B) As a country's wealth inequality increases, the average height of the country's population also increases.
C) As a country's caloric consumption increases, the average height of its population also increases.
D) As a country's diet becomes more nutritious, the average height of its population also increases.
E) As a country's dairy consumption increases, the average height of the country's population also increases.
G) All of the above
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A) A population began farming a healthier strain of rice, but it contains a mild toxin.This led the population to develop a genetic mutation that allows people to safely digest the toxin.
B) A population could not bury its dead because the climate was too cold, making the ground too hard to dig.This led the population to develop a funeral ritual of offering its dead to the animals.
C) The average height of a country has increased within a year due to an influx of very tall immigrants, carrying with them their genes for height.
D) A population lives in a very cold climate that has constant snowstorms, which has led to the development of a genetic mutation that causes people to have a lot of body fat to keep warm.
E) The average body-mass index (BMI) of a population has improved in a year due to the population drinking more red wine and having a more positive attitude about food.
G) B) and D)
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A) Illnesses are often caused by witchcraft.
B) Some people can suffer from "liver fire."
C) Illnesses are often caused by imbalances.
D) Some people can be treated with acupuncture.
E) Illnesses are often caused by an unhealthy lifestyle.
G) D) and E)
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A) nonuniversal
B) existential universal
C) acquired biological differences
D) proximal cause
E) distal cause
G) All of the above
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A) The body is like a machine inhabited by ghosts that need to be honored through rituals.
B) The body is like an integrated system of opposing forces that need to be kept in balance.
C) The body is like a machine that needs to be protected from dangerous external influences.
D) The body is like an integrated system that needs to be supported by moral behaviors.
E) The body is like a machine powered by energy sources that need to be kept in balance.
G) None of the above
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A) Japanese people sleep more efficiently than European Canadians.
B) Japanese people sleep less than European Canadians.
C) European Canadians report feeling more tired during the day than the Japanese.
D) Asian Canadians sleep less than European Canadians.
E) Asian Canadians sleep more efficiently than European Canadians.
G) A) and B)
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A) distal cause
B) innate biological variation
C) accessibility universal
D) sexual selection
E) acquired biological variation
G) C) and D)
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A) The article is incorrect because in fact there is no evidence that ethnic groups differ in any way that can be linked to genetics.
B) The article is incorrect because the genetic differences between human groups are no larger than the differences between chimpanzee groups.
C) The article is incorrect because immigrants and their children tend to show response patterns influenced by their local cultural contexts.
D) The article is incorrect because the principle of culture-gene coevolution dictates that cultural effects supersede genetic effects.
E) None of the above: The article is correct.
G) A) and D)
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C
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A) Absolute income predicts health outcomes for low levels of income, whereas income relative to those around one predicts health outcomes for high levels of income.
B) There is a linear relation between absolute income and health, but a curvilinear relation between relative income and health.
C) Income is largely unrelated to health once you control for dietary practices.
D) Wealthy people have poor health because of all the stress they experience.
E) More wealth will always cause more happiness, which causes people to be healthier.
G) A) and C)
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A) acquired biological differences
B) existential universal
C) distal cause
D) nonuniversal
E) proximal cause
G) B) and C)
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A) genetically based skin color demonstrates culture-gene coevolution but obesity rates do not.
B) obesity rates demonstrate variable effects of genes across cultures and genetically based skin color demonstrates the same effects of genes across cultures.
C) obesity rates demonstrate an evoked cultural response but genetically based skin color does not.
D) obesity rates show how distal causes can lead to biological changes and genetically based skin color shows how proximal causes can lead to biological changes.
E) obesity rates demonstrate culture-gene coevolution but genetically based skin color does not.
G) C) and E)
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