Question 1

With which of the following statements would a social-cognitive psychologist agree?

Accepted Answer

A)   People with an internal locus of control achieve more in school.
B)   "Externals" are better able to cope with stress than "internals."
C)   "Internals" are less independent than "externals."
D)   A social-cognitive psychologist would agree with all of these statements.E) C) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 2

People typically ________ the commonality of their foibles and they typically ________ the commonality of their strengths.

Accepted Answer

A)   overestimate; overestimate
B)   underestimate; underestimate
C)   overestimate; underestimate
D)   underestimate; overestimateE) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 3

Learned helplessness is MOST likely to be associated with

Accepted Answer

A)   self-serving bias.
B)   an external locus of control.
C)   the false consensus effect.
D)   unconditional positive regard.E) All of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 4

The ability to delay short-term gratification for greater long-term rewards illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)   self-esteem.
B)   displacement.
C)   self-control.
D)   unconditional positive regard.E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 5

Free association is a method designed to

Accepted Answer

A)   reduce anxiety.
B)   explore the unconscious.
C)   give priority to group goals.
D)   show total acceptance of another person.E) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 6

Twelve-year-old Cawley demonstrates a strongly masculine sense of self-identity even though he was raised without a father or father substitute. This fact represents the most serious threat to ________ theory of personality.

Accepted Answer

A)   Freud's
B)   Bandura's
C)   Rogers'
D)   Allport'sE) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 7

Carl Jung believed that the collective unconscious contains ________ derived from our species' universal experiences.

Accepted Answer

A)   archetypes
B)   free associations
C)   defense mechanisms
D)   erogenous zonesE) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 8

Carl Rogers suggested that those who fall far short of their ideal self experience

Accepted Answer

A)   a self-serving bias.
B)   a negative self-concept.
C)   an external locus of control.
D)   a weak superego.E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 9

No matter how long and hard Lerae studies, she always feels she hasn't studied as much as she should have. A Freudian psychologist would suggest that Lerae shows signs of a

Accepted Answer

A)   weak id.
B)   weak ego.
C)   strong id.
D)   strong superego.E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 10

Which personality theory emphasizes the interaction between the individual and the environment in shaping personality?

Accepted Answer

A)   psychoanalytic
B)   trait
C)   humanistic
D)   social cognitiveE) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 11

Narcissism is associated with

Accepted Answer

A)   less gambling and less cheating.
B)   less gambling and more cheating.
C)   more gambling and less cheating.
D)   more gambling and more cheating.E) A) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 12

Carl Rogers suggested that the ________ is a central feature of personality.

Accepted Answer

A)   collective unconscious
B)   inferiority complex
C)   Barnum effect
D)   self-conceptE) A) and B)
F) A) and D)

Question 13

Paula expects that diligent study will enable her to earn good grades on her tests. Paula's belief best illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)   self-serving bias.
B)   the spotlight effect.
C)   unconditional positive regard.
D)   an internal locus of control.E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 14

Most late adolescents perceive themselves as much less vulnerable than their peers to the AIDS virus. This best illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)   repression.
B)   the spotlight effect.
C)   reaction formation.
D)   unrealistic optimism.E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Question 15

Mary enjoys socializing with friends and talking with them on her cell phone. Eileen prefers quiet times by herself when she can reflect on her own thoughts. The characteristics of Mary and Eileen indicate that each has a distinctive

Accepted Answer

A)   fixation.
B)   personality.
C)   attributional style.
D)   collective unconscious.E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 16

The best indicator of a person's level of optimism is his or her

Accepted Answer

A)   ideal self.
B)   gender identity.
C)   attributional style.
D)   unconditional positive regard.E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 17

Students who perceive that their low test scores are due to their own lack of ability best illustrate

Accepted Answer

A)   self-serving bias.
B)   the false consensus effect.
C)   the spotlight effect.
D)   a pessimistic attributional style.E) All of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 18

The stability of personality traits is best illustrated by the consistency of

Accepted Answer

A)   the false consensus effect.
B)   reciprocal determinism.
C)   expressive styles.
D)   unconditional positive regard.E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 19

Subliminal stimuli can briefly prime our responses to subsequent events. This best illustrates the importance of

Accepted Answer

A)   factor analysis.
B)   the Barnum effect.
C)   unconscious thought.
D)   the spotlight effect.E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Question 20

Which personality theorists have most clearly been credited with encouraging the popular belief that a positive self-concept is the key to happiness and success?

Accepted Answer

A)   psychoanalytic theorists
B)   social-cognitive theorists
C)   humanistic theorists
D)   trait theoristsE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Exam 13: Emotion

Which personality theory emphasizes the interaction between the individual and the environment in shaping personality?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Free association is a method designed to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The ability to delay short-term gratification for greater long-term rewards illustrates

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which personality theorists have most clearly been credited with encouraging the popular belief that a positive self-concept is the key to happiness and success?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Carl Rogers suggested that those who fall far short of their ideal self experience

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Subliminal stimuli can briefly prime our responses to subsequent events. This best illustrates the importance of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Learned helplessness is MOST likely to be associated with

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Most late adolescents perceive themselves as much less vulnerable than their peers to the AIDS virus. This best illustrates

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Twelve-year-old Cawley demonstrates a strongly masculine sense of self-identity even though he was raised without a father or father substitute. This fact represents the most serious threat to ________ theory of personality.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

With which of the following statements would a social-cognitive psychologist agree?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Narcissism is associated with

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

No matter how long and hard Lerae studies, she always feels she hasn't studied as much as she should have. A Freudian psychologist would suggest that Lerae shows signs of a

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The stability of personality traits is best illustrated by the consistency of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Mary enjoys socializing with friends and talking with them on her cell phone. Eileen prefers quiet times by herself when she can reflect on her own thoughts. The characteristics of Mary and Eileen indicate that each has a distinctive

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Paula expects that diligent study will enable her to earn good grades on her tests. Paula's belief best illustrates

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Carl Jung believed that the collective unconscious contains ________ derived from our species' universal experiences.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Carl Rogers suggested that the ________ is a central feature of personality.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Students who perceive that their low test scores are due to their own lack of ability best illustrate

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

People typically ________ the commonality of their foibles and they typically ________ the commonality of their strengths.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The best indicator of a person's level of optimism is his or her

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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People typically the commonality of their foibles and they typically the commonality of their strengths.

Correct Answer
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