Question 1

Drugs that insert on the ______ ribosomal subunit prevent peptide bond formation or inhibit translocation of the subunit during translation.

Accepted Answer

A)   30S
B)   40S
C)   50S
D)   60S
E)   70SF) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 2

The _____ are drugs that deposit in developing teeth and cause a permanent brown discoloration.

Accepted Answer

A)   streptomycins
B)   cephalosporins
C)   macrolides
D)   tetracyclines
E)   penicillinsF) A) and B)
G) B) and D)

Question 3

Selective toxicity refers to damage to _______.

Accepted Answer

A)   pathogenic organisms
B)   prokaryotic cell membranes
C)   the target organisms but not vertebrate cells
D)   nucleic acidsE) A) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 4

An ideal antimicrobial therapeutic drug exhibits all of the following characteristics, except _______.

Accepted Answer

A)   they are nontoxic to host
B)   they are easily broken down by host
C)   they are easily administered
D)   they have limited capacity to elicit resistance
E)   they are nonallergenicF) A) and B)
G) C) and D)

Question 5

Antimicrobials that are macrolides _______.

Accepted Answer

A)   disrupt cell membrane function
B)   include tetracyclines
C)   include azithromycin, clarithromcyin, and erythromycin
D)   are very narrow-spectrum drugs
E)   are hepatotoxicF) A) and C)
G) C) and D)

Question 6

Which of the following is not true of polymyxins?

Accepted Answer

A)   The source is Bacillus polymyxa.
B)   They are narrow spectrum.
C)   They are toxic to kidneys.
D)   They target cell walls.
E)   They can be used to treat severe urinary tract infections caused by gram-negative bacilli.F) A) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 7

Which of these drugs has the most narrow-spectrum activity?

Accepted Answer

A)   Tetracycline
B)   Isoniazid
C)   Erythromycin
D)   Aminoglycosides
E)   CephalosporinsF) B) and E)
G) B) and D)

Question 8

Aminoglycosides ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   destroy peptidoglycan
B)   are metabolic analogs of PABA and block folic acid synthesis
C)   attach to the 30S ribosomal subunit and disrupt protein synthesis
D)   damage cell membranes
E)   block peptidases that cross-link glycan moleculesF) A) and C)
G) B) and C)

Question 9

Bacteriophages selectively infect bacterial cells. How might they be used as a therapeutic treatment in humans?

Accepted Answer

A)   Phages can carry genes into cells which will genetically modify the host cells to prevent infection.
B)   Phages can be used to stimulate human immune cells to attack and kill bacterial cells.
C)   Bacteriophages can be used to genetically engineer bacterial cells making them more susceptible to drugs.
D)   Humans suffering from infections with antibiotic resistant bacteria can be treated with phages, which will infect and lyse the bacterial cells, leaving human cells unaffected.E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 10

Newer, more expensive antimicrobials are always better to use than cheaper, older drugs.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

The use of vaginal inserts of Lactobacillus to restore a healthy acidic environment is an example of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   prebiotics
B)   probiotics
C)   lantibiotics
D)   phytobiotics
E)   riboswitchesF) A) and D)
G) B) and E)

Question 12

Broad-spectrum drugs that disrupt the body's normal biota often cause _______.

Accepted Answer

A)   nephrotoxicity
B)   superinfections
C)   allergic reactions
D)   drug toxicityE) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 13

Which of the following is not an aminoglycoside?

Accepted Answer

A)   Streptomycin
B)   Gentamicin
C)   Tetracycline
D)   Amikacin
E)   TobramycinF) D) and E)
G) A) and E)

Question 14

When a patient's immune system reacts adversely to a drug, this serious side effect is called a superinfection.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Sulfonamides _______.

Accepted Answer

A)   interfere with elongation of peptidoglycan
B)   are metabolic analogs of PABA and block folic acid synthesis
C)   attach to the 30S ribosomal subunit and disrupt protein synthesis
D)   damage cell membranes
E)   block peptidases that cross-link glycan moleculesF) A) and B)
G) B) and D)

Question 16

An antimicrobial with a low therapeutic index is a safer choice compared to a drug with a high therapeutic index.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Drugs that are hepatotoxic cause damage to a patient's kidneys.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Over 50 percent of all sales of medically important antibiotics in the United States are for livestock use. Why is this problematic for humans?

Accepted Answer

A)   The livestock will become resistant to the antibiotics and not respond to treatment when they have infections.
B)   Resistant bacteria grow in the animals and may then be passed to humans.
C)   The use of antibiotics for livestock means that there are not enough for use in the human population.
D)   The animals may become sick from the antibiotic ingestion.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 19

It is better to use a broad-spectrum drug instead of a more speciﬁc, narrow-spectrum drug.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Drugs that act by mimicking the normal substrate of an enzyme, thereby blocking its active site, are called ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   inhibitors
B)   blockers
C)   competitive inhibitors
D)   noncompetitive inhibitorsE) All of the above
F) None of the above

Exam 12: Antimicrobial Treatment

The _____ are drugs that deposit in developing teeth and cause a permanent brown discoloration.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Bacteriophages selectively infect bacterial cells. How might they be used as a therapeutic treatment in humans?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Sulfonamides _______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Aminoglycosides ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Broad-spectrum drugs that disrupt the body's normal biota often cause _______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Selective toxicity refers to damage to _______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Over 50 percent of all sales of medically important antibiotics in the United States are for livestock use. Why is this problematic for humans?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Newer, more expensive antimicrobials are always better to use than cheaper, older drugs.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The use of vaginal inserts of Lactobacillus to restore a healthy acidic environment is an example of ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

It is better to use a broad-spectrum drug instead of a more speciﬁc, narrow-spectrum drug.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is not true of polymyxins?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Drugs that insert on the ______ ribosomal subunit prevent peptide bond formation or inhibit translocation of the subunit during translation.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is not an aminoglycoside?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Drugs that act by mimicking the normal substrate of an enzyme, thereby blocking its active site, are called ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When a patient's immune system reacts adversely to a drug, this serious side effect is called a superinfection.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Antimicrobials that are macrolides _______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of these drugs has the most narrow-spectrum activity?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Drugs that are hepatotoxic cause damage to a patient's kidneys.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An antimicrobial with a low therapeutic index is a safer choice compared to a drug with a high therapeutic index.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An ideal antimicrobial therapeutic drug exhibits all of the following characteristics, except _______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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