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Exam 25: The Urinary System

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Question 51

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Figure 25.1Using Figure 25.1, match the following: -Collecting duct.

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Question 52

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Sodium- linked water flow across a membrane not under hormonal control is called water reabsorption.

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Question 53

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The kidneys are stimulated to produce renin .

The collecting duct is impermeable to water in the presence of ADH.

Incontinence is the inability to control voluntary micturition.

The entire responsibility for urine formation lies with the nephron.

Figure 25.2Using Figure 25.2, match the following: -Cells that reabsorb virtually all the nutrients.

In the kidneys, the countercurrent mechanism involves the interaction between the flow of filtrate through the nephron loop of the juxtamedullary nephrons (the countercurrent multiplier) and the flow of blood through the limbs of adjacent blood vessels (the countercurrent exchanger). This relationship establishes and maintains an osmotic gradient extending from the cortex through the depths of the medulla that allows the kidneys to vary urine concentration dramatically.

Which of the following is not associated with the renal corpuscle?

An older man sees his doctor for severe pain in his lower abdominal or flank area, elevated temperature, and nausea. Exhaustive tests rule out abdominal obstructions and infections. Plain X- rays indicate a radiopaque (whitish) spot in the area of his right ureter. Diagnose his problem. Give suggested treatment and prognosis.

Fetal kidneys have the primary responsibility of clearing wastes from the fetal blood.

Figure 25.1Using Figure 25.1, match the following: -Structure most closely associated with granular cells.

Humans can survive for a period of time without water thanks to the ability of the kidneys to produce concentrated urine. Briefly explain the factors that allow this to happen.

The glomerulus differs from other capillaries in the body in that it .

Figure 25.1Using Figure 25.1, match the following: -Nephron loop.

The myogenic mechanism reflects the tendency of vascular smooth muscle to stretch.

Rachael has been complaining of frequent and burning urination. She also reported seeing some blood in her urine. Her physician suspects cystitis. What is cystitis, and how can it cause these symptoms?

Figure 25.2Using Figure 25.2, match the following: -Proximal convoluted tubule cells.

In the absence of hormones, the distal tubule and collecting ducts are relatively impermeable to water.

The filtration membrane includes all except .