Question 1

Some A are non-B. (F)  Obversion

Accepted Answer

A)   Some A are not B. (F) 
B)   Some A are not non-B. (T) 
C)   Some A are B. (F) 
D)   No A are B. (F) 
E)   Some B are non-A. (Und.) F) C) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 2

It is false that no exercise machines are cumbersome devices. Therefore, all exercise machines are cumbersome devices.

Accepted Answer

A)   Invalid, existential fallacy.
B)   Invalid, illicit contrary.
C)   Invalid, illicit contraposition.
D)   Invalid, illicit subcontrary.
E)   Invalid, illicit subalternation.F) C) and D)
G) B) and E)

Question 3

All flying reindeer are happy creatures. Therefore, no flying reindeer are unhappy creatures.

Accepted Answer

A)   Invalid, illicit obversion.
B)   Invalid, existential fallacy.
C)   Invalid, illicit contraposition.
D)   Valid.
E)   Invalid, illicit contrary.F) B) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 4

Categorical Proposition 1C
Given the categorical proposition:
"Some corporations that are operating in the United States are not enterprises that are earning a profit."

-In Categorical Proposition 1C, the quantity is:

Accepted Answer

A)   Affirmative.
B)   Universal.
C)   Particular.
D)   Negative.
E)   Some.F) A) and E)
G) B) and C)

Question 5

Categorical Proposition 1D
Given the categorical proposition:
"All email messages that are solicitations for private information are communications that are not entitled to responses."

-In Categorical Proposition 1D, the subject term is:

Accepted Answer

A)   Email messages.
B)   Communications.
C)   Communications that are not entitled to responses.
D)   Email messages that are solicitations for private information.
E)   Solicitations for private information.F) A) and D)
G) All of the above

Question 6

Some A are B. (T)  Some A are not non-B.

Accepted Answer

A)   Obversion. (T) 
B)   Contradictory. (F) 
C)   Contraposition. (Und.) 
D)   Contrary. (F) 
E)   Subcontrary. (Und.) F) All of the above
G) A) and B)

Question 7

Categorical Proposition 1B
Given the categorical proposition:
"Some forest fires that are not started by campers are conflagrations that are not easily extinguished."

-In Categorical Proposition 1B, the quantity is:

Accepted Answer

A)   Some.
B)   Affirmative.
C)   Universal.
D)   Particular.
E)   Negative.F) D) and E)
G) All of the above

Question 8

Given the categorical proposition "All biologists are scientists." If both the quality and the quantity are changed, the resulting proposition is:

Accepted Answer

A)   Some scientists are not biologists.
B)   Some biologists are not scientists.
C)   No biologists are scientists.
D)   Some biologists are scientists.
E)   All biologists are not scientists.F) A) and C)
G) A) and E)

Question 9

It is false that no landlords are entrepreneurs who evict tenants. Therefore, all landlords are entrepreneurs who evict tenants.

Accepted Answer

A)   Invalid; illicit contrary.
B)   Valid; no fallacy.
C)   Invalid; existential fallacy.
D)   Invalid; illicit conversion.
E)   Invalid; illicit subcontrary.F) B) and D)
G) None of the above

Question 10

All holiday parades are colorful events. Therefore, some holiday parades are colorful events.

Accepted Answer

A)   Invalid, illicit subcontrary.
B)   Invalid, existential fallacy.
C)   Invalid, illicit contrary.
D)   Invalid, illicit subalternation.
E)   Valid, no fallacy.F) None of the above
G) All of the above

Question 11

Some leprechauns are not wealthy dwarfs. Therefore, some wealthy dwarfs are not leprechauns.

Accepted Answer

A)   Invalid, illicit contraposition.
B)   Invalid, illicit conversion.
C)   Valid.
D)   Invalid, illicit subcontrary.
E)   Invalid, existential fallacy.F) C) and D)
G) B) and D)

Question 12

No wind farms are pollution generators. Therefore, it is false that all wind farms are pollution generators.

Accepted Answer

A)   Invalid, existential fallacy.
B)   Invalid, illicit contrary.
C)   Invalid, illicit subalternation.
D)   Invalid, illicit conversion.
E)   Valid, no fallacy.F) A) and C)
G) C) and D)

Question 13

Given the categorical proposition "Some mathematicians are not topologists." If the quantity but not the quality is changed, the resulting proposition is:

Accepted Answer

A)   Some non-mathematicians are topologists.
B)   Some mathematicians are topologists.
C)   No mathematicians are topologists.
D)   Some mathematicians are non-topologists.
E)   All mathematicians are topologists.F) C) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 14

Categorical Proposition 1F
Given the categorical proposition:
"Some ID cards that are not easy documents to duplicate are forgeries that are not readily available on the Internet."

-In Categorical Proposition 1F, the quality is:

Accepted Answer

A)   Affirmative.
B)   Universal.
C)   Are.
D)   Negative.
E)   Particular.F) A) and D)
G) C) and D)

Question 15

It is false that some serial killers are not deranged psychopaths. Therefore, all serial killers are deranged psychopaths.

Accepted Answer

A)   Invalid, existential fallacy.
B)   Invalid, illicit contrary.
C)   Valid.
D)   Invalid, illicit contradictory.
E)   Invalid, illicit subalternation.F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 16

No popular casinos are establishments without bright lights. Therefore, no establishments with bright lights are unpopular casinos.

Accepted Answer

A)   Valid.
B)   Invalid, illicit contraposition.
C)   Invalid, illicit obversion.
D)   Invalid, existential fallacy.
E)   Invalid, illicit conversion.F) A) and C)
G) B) and E)

Question 17

It is false that some four-sided triangles are commonplace figures. Therefore, some four-sided triangles are not commonplace figures.

Accepted Answer

A)   Valid, no fallacy.
B)   Invalid, existential fallacy.
C)   Invalid, illicit subcontrary.
D)   Invalid, illicit contrary.
E)   Invalid, illicit subalternation.F) C) and D)
G) A) and B)

Question 18

Some non-A are not B. (T)  Some non-A are B.

Accepted Answer

A)   Contradiction. (F) 
B)   Conversion. (Und.) 
C)   Subcontrary. (Und.) 
D)   Contraposition. (T) 
E)   Obversion. (T) F) A) and D)
G) A) and C)

Question 19

Only astronomers are allowed in the observatory.

Accepted Answer

A)   Some astronomers are persons allowed in the observatory.
B)   Some persons allowed in the observatory are astronomers.
C)   All astronomers are persons allowed in the observatory.
D)   No astronomers are persons not allowed in the observatory.
E)   All persons allowed in the observatory are astronomers.F) C) and D)
G) All of the above

Question 20

All werewolves are unwelcome companions. Therefore, no werewolves are welcome companions.

Accepted Answer

A)   Invalid, existential fallacy.
B)   Invalid, illicit subalternation.
C)   Valid, no fallacy.
D)   Invalid, illicit contrary.
E)   Invalid, illicit subcontrary.F) D) and E)
G) C) and D)

Exam 4: Categorical Propositions

Some non-A are not B. (T) Some non-A are B.

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Categorical Proposition 1C Given the categorical proposition: "Some corporations that are operating in the United States are not enterprises that are earning a profit." -In Categorical Proposition 1C, the quantity is:

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Some leprechauns are not wealthy dwarfs. Therefore, some wealthy dwarfs are not leprechauns.

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Some A are B. (T) Some A are not non-B.

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Categorical Proposition 1F Given the categorical proposition: "Some ID cards that are not easy documents to duplicate are forgeries that are not readily available on the Internet." -In Categorical Proposition 1F, the quality is:

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Categorical Proposition 1B Given the categorical proposition: "Some forest fires that are not started by campers are conflagrations that are not easily extinguished." -In Categorical Proposition 1B, the quantity is:

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All werewolves are unwelcome companions. Therefore, no werewolves are welcome companions.

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No popular casinos are establishments without bright lights. Therefore, no establishments with bright lights are unpopular casinos.

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Some A are non-B. (F) Obversion

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It is false that some serial killers are not deranged psychopaths. Therefore, all serial killers are deranged psychopaths.

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Categorical Proposition 1D Given the categorical proposition: "All email messages that are solicitations for private information are communications that are not entitled to responses." -In Categorical Proposition 1D, the subject term is:

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Given the categorical proposition "All biologists are scientists." If both the quality and the quantity are changed, the resulting proposition is:

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It is false that no exercise machines are cumbersome devices. Therefore, all exercise machines are cumbersome devices.

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All holiday parades are colorful events. Therefore, some holiday parades are colorful events.

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Given the categorical proposition "Some mathematicians are not topologists." If the quantity but not the quality is changed, the resulting proposition is:

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Only astronomers are allowed in the observatory.

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All flying reindeer are happy creatures. Therefore, no flying reindeer are unhappy creatures.

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It is false that no landlords are entrepreneurs who evict tenants. Therefore, all landlords are entrepreneurs who evict tenants.

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It is false that some four-sided triangles are commonplace figures. Therefore, some four-sided triangles are not commonplace figures.

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No wind farms are pollution generators. Therefore, it is false that all wind farms are pollution generators.

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