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Sensitivity analysis is a risk analysis technique in which key variables are changed and the resulting changes in the NPV and IRR are observed.

A) True
B) False

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Which of the following statements is correct?


A) A relatively risky future cash outflow should be evaluated using a relatively low discount rate.
B) If a firm's managers want to maximize the value of the stock, they should concentrate exclusively on projects' market, or beta, risk.
C) If a firm evaluates all projects using the same required rate of return to determine NPVs, then the riskiness of the firm as measured by its beta will probably decline over time.
D) If a firm has a beta which is less than 1.0, say 0.9, this would suggest that its assets' returns are negatively correlated with the returns of most other firms' assets.
E) The above statements are all false.

F) A) and D)
G) A) and C)

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Which of the following is not a cash flow that results from the decision to accept a project?


A) Changes in working capital.
B) Shipping and installation costs.
C) Sunk costs.
D) Opportunity costs.
E) Externalities.

F) B) and E)
G) A) and E)

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If the firm is being operated so as to maximize shareholder wealth, and if our basic assumptions concerning the relationship between risk and return are true, then which of the following should be true?


A) If the beta of the asset is larger than the firm's beta, then the required return on the asset is less than the required return on the firm.
B) If the beta of the asset is smaller than the firm's beta, then the required return on the asset is greater than the required return on the firm.
C) If the beta of the asset is greater than the corporate beta prior to the addition of that asset, then the corporate beta after the purchase of the asset will be smaller than the original corporate beta.
D) If the beta of an asset is larger than the corporate beta prior to the addition of that asset, then the required return on the firm will be greater after the purchase of that asset than prior to its purchase.
E) None of the above is a true statement.

F) C) and E)
G) B) and C)

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Rucker Truck Line (RTL) is evaluating whether the fleet of trucks it owns should be replaced.If the trucks are replaced, current operating revenues and expenses will not change, except for depreciation expenses.Annual depreciation will increase from $150,000 to $175,000.Based on this information, how will the change in depreciation expense affect the incremental operating cash flows RTL examines when making its capital budgeting decision about replacing the trucks? RTL's marginal tax rate is 40 percent.


A) After-tax operating cash flows will increase by $15,000.
B) After-tax operating cash flows will increase by $10,000.
C) After-tax operating cash flows will decrease by $25,000.
D) After-tax operating cash flows will decrease by $10,000.
E) Because depreciation is a non-cash expense, operating cash flows should not change.

F) A) and C)
G) A) and B)

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The cost of capital may be different for a foreign project than for an equivalent domestic project because foreign projects may be more or less risky.

A) True
B) False

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Exhibit 10-1 You have been asked by the president of your company to evaluate the proposed acquisition of a new special- purpose truck. The truck's basic price is $50,000, and it will cost another $10,000 to modify it for special use by your firm. The truck falls into the MACRS three-year class, and it will be sold after three years for $20,000. Use of the truck will require an increase in net working capital (spare parts inventory) of $2,000. The truck will have no effect on revenues, but it is expected to save the firm $20,000 per year in before-tax operating costs, mainly labor. The firm's marginal tax rate is 40 percent. -Refer to Exhibit 10-1.What is the terminal (nonoperating) cash flow at the end of Year 3?


A) $10,000
B) $12,000
C) $15,680
D) $16,000
E) $18,000

F) C) and D)
G) A) and D)

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Sensitivity analysis measures the stand-alone risk of a project by showing how much the project's NPV is affected by a small change in one of the input variables, such as sales.Other things held constant, with the independent variable graphed on the horizontal axis, the steeper the graph of the relationship line, the less risky the project.

A) True
B) False

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Which of the following statements is correct?


A) If a firm's stockholders are well diversified, we know from theory and from studies of market behavior that corporate risk is not important.
B) Undiversified stockholders, including the owners of small businesses, are more concerned about corporate risk than market risk.
C) Empirical studies of the determinants of required rates of return (k) have found that only market risk affects stock prices.
D) Market risk is important but does not have a direct effect on stock price because it only affects beta.

E) B) and D)
F) None of the above

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If an investment project would make use of land which the firm currently owns, the project should be charged with the opportunity cost of the land.

A) True
B) False

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If a firm uses its weighted average cost of capital (WACC) to evaluate all capital budgeting projects, which of the following could occur?


A) Projects with little or no risk might be rejected when they actually should be accepted.
B) Projects with significant risks might be accepted when the actually should be rejected.
C) Projects with average risk will always be rejected when they actually should be rejected.
D) All of the above could occur.
E) None of the above could occur.

F) D) and E)
G) A) and C)

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Carolina Insurance Company, an all-equity life insurance firm, is considering the purchase of a fire insurance company.If the purchase is made, Carolina will be 50 percent larger than before.Currently, Carolina's stock has a beta of 1.2 and the return required is 15.2 percent.The fire insurance company is expected to generate a return of 20 percent with a beta of 2.5.If the risk-free rate is 8 percent and the market risk premium is 6 percent, should Carolina make the investment?


A) No; the expected return is less than the required return.
B) No; the IRR is less than the appropriate required rate of return.
C) Yes; the IRR is greater than the appropriate required rate of return.
D) Yes; the expected return is greater than the required return.
E) Yes; the project's risk/return combination lies above the SML.

F) A) and E)
G) A) and C)

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Replacement analysis involves the decision of whether to replace an existing asset that is still productive with a new asset.

A) True
B) False

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If an asset being considered for acquisition has beta of zero, its purchase will have no effect on the firm's market risk.

A) True
B) False

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Exhibit 10-1 You have been asked by the president of your company to evaluate the proposed acquisition of a new special- purpose truck. The truck's basic price is $50,000, and it will cost another $10,000 to modify it for special use by your firm. The truck falls into the MACRS three-year class, and it will be sold after three years for $20,000. Use of the truck will require an increase in net working capital (spare parts inventory) of $2,000. The truck will have no effect on revenues, but it is expected to save the firm $20,000 per year in before-tax operating costs, mainly labor. The firm's marginal tax rate is 40 percent. -Refer to Exhibit 10-1.What is the initial investment outlay for the truck? (That is, what is the Year 0 net cash flow?)


A) −$50,000
B) −$52,600
C) −$55,800
D) −$62,000
E) −$65,000

F) None of the above
G) B) and D)

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How do most firms deal with the risks of projects when making capital budgeting decisions?


A) Projects risks are not considered directly because the weighted average cost of capital (WACC) that is used as the required rate of return for capital budgeting decisions is based on the riskiness of the firm.As a result, all projects, no matter their risks, can be evaluated using WACC.
B) Evaluating risk is important only when the projects are similar to the firm's existing assets.
C) Most firms adjust the discount rates used to evaluate new projects that have significantly different risks than the risk associated with the firm's existing assets.
D) Firms generally increase the required rate of return used to evaluate projects that have significantly different risks than the risk associated with the firm's existing assets, regardless of whether the new projects' risks are higher or lower.
E) None of the above is a correct answer.

F) B) and D)
G) A) and D)

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When evaluating a new project, the firm should consider all of the following factors except:


A) Changes in working capital attributable to the project.
B) Previous expenditures associated with a market test to determine the feasibility of the project, if the expenditures have been expensed for tax purposes.
C) The current market value of any equipment to be replaced.
D) The resulting difference in depreciation expense if the project involves replacement.
E) All of the above should be considered.

F) C) and D)
G) B) and E)

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Which of the following statements is most correct?


A) Sensitivity analysis is incomplete because it fails to consider the range of likely values of key variables as reflected in their probability distributions.
B) In comparing two projects using sensitivity analysis, the one with the steeper lines would be considered less risky, because a small error in estimating a variable, such as unit sales, would produce only a small error in the project's NPV.
C) The primary advantage of simulation is that it provides a very accurate point estimate of a project's NPV.
D) One important benefit of simulation analysis as compared to scenario analysis, is that once the analysis is complete, it provides a clear accept/reject decision rule.
E) Answers c and d are both correct.

F) A) and C)
G) A) and E)

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If a project is small relative to the total firm, and if its returns are not highly correlated with the returns on the firm's other assets, then the project may not be very risky in either the within-firm (corporate) or the market risk sense, even if the returns on the project are highly uncertain and thus the project has a high degree of stand-alone risk.

A) True
B) False

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An evaluation of four independent capital budgeting projects by the director of capital budgeting for Ziker Golf Company yielded the following results: \quad \quad \quad \quad \quad  Internal rate of \text { Internal rate of }  Project  of return, IRR  Risk level L19.0% Average E15.0 High M12.0 Low Q11.0 Average \begin{array}{ccc} \underline{\text { Project }}& \underline{\text { of return, IRR }} &\underline{\text { Risk level }}\\\mathrm{L} & 19.0 \% & \text { Average } \\\mathrm{E} & 15.0 & \text { High } \\\mathrm{M} & 12.0 & \text { Low } \\\mathrm{Q} & 11.0 & \text { Average }\end{array} The firm's weighted average cost of capital is 12 percent.Ziker Golf generally evaluates projects that are riskier than average by adjusting its required rate of return by 4 percent, whereas projects with less-than-average risk are evaluated by adjusting the required rate of return by 2 percent.Which project(s) should the firm purchase?


A) Project L
B) Projects L and E
C) Projects L and M
D) Projects L, E, and M
E) None of the above is a correct answer.

F) A) and D)
G) D) and E)

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