Question 1

Of the following, ________ would serve as a primary reinforcer for most people.

Accepted Answer

A)   food
B)   praise
C)   money
D)   attentionE) A) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 2

A key to social learning theory is ____________ .

Accepted Answer

A)   insight learning
B)   cognitive mapping
C)   latent learning
D)   observational learningE) B) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 3

B. F. Skinner is known for his theory of:

Accepted Answer

A)   cognitive learning.
B)   intelligence.
C)   classical conditioning.
D)   operant conditioning.E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 4

Training a rat to push a lever to escape from an electric shock is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)   aversive punishment.
B)   negative reinforcement.
C)   positive reinforcement.
D)   response cost.E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 5

When a CS is repeatedly presented by itself, ______ will occur.

Accepted Answer

A)   generalization
B)   discrimination
C)   extinction
D)   stimulus substitutionE) B) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 6

Classical is to _______ as operant is to _______.

Accepted Answer

A)   Pavlov; Skinner
B)   Skinner; Pavlov
C)   Pavlov; Watson
D)   Watson; PavlovE) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 7

Mark and Kathy take their 2-year-old son to the supermarket every Saturday. Each week, the same sequence of events unfolds: Their son screams, demanding that they buy him treats. Although they refuse to give in to his demands, he continues to scream. Finally, either Mark or Kathy gets in their son's face and yells at the top of their lungs "Shut up!" He stops screaming instantly. What operant conditioning concepts are illustrated in this story?

Accepted Answer

A)   The parents are using negative reinforcement to increase their son's screaming.
B)   The parents are in a very dysfunctional marriage; their child's screaming is his way of trying to get his parents to remain married.
C)   The parents are using punishment to suppress the screaming; their use of punishment is negatively reinforced by the cessation of screaming.
D)   Their son probably learned how to scream by observing his parents at home, and now he is reinforced on a variable-interval schedule of reinforcement.E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 8

It is even possible to become classically conditioned by simply watching someone else respond to a stimulus in a process called ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   vicarious conditioning
B)   conditioned emotional responses
C)   stimulus generalization
D)   higher-order conditioningE) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 9

Cognitive learning involves:

Accepted Answer

A)   an association between events or phenomena.
B)   an association between responses.
C)   an association between behavior and its consequences.
D)   internal representations of events in the world.E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 10

Give an example of a conditioned taste aversion.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Give an example of a conditioned taste...

Question 11

Who was one of the first researchers to explore and attempt to outline the laws of voluntary responses?

Accepted Answer

A)   Pavlov
B)   Watson
C)   Skinner
D)   ThorndikeE) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 12

Negative reinforcement is best thought of as:

Accepted Answer

A)   reinforcement for an undesirable activity.
B)   punishment.
C)   something that was predicted to serve as reinforcement but did not do so.
D)   stimuli whose termination or removal increases behavior.E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 13

When Luke kisses Laura, her heart rate increases. Luke always wore Old Spice After Shave. Whenever Laura smelled Old Spice, her heart raced. Laura's increased heart rate when Luke kissed her was the:

Accepted Answer

A)   unconditioned stimulus.
B)   unconditioned response.
C)   conditioned stimulus.
D)   conditioned response.E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 14

On a fixed-interval schedule, reinforcement is given ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   for the first correct response after a specific amount of time has passed
B)   for correct responses after randomly varying amounts of time have passed
C)    after a specific number of responses are given
D)    after a randomly varying number of responses are givenE) A) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 15

Which of the following is an example of punishment by removal?

Accepted Answer

A)   receiving harsh criticism for lying to your parents
B)   losing telephone privileges for breaking curfew
C)   getting stung by a bee when walking barefoot outside and stepping on the bee
D)   getting pepper-sprayed for making a lewd comment to a strangerE) C) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 16

When someone uses negative reinforcement to change a behavior the behavior is likely to __________ .

Accepted Answer

A)   occur less frequently
B)   occur more frequently
C)   occur at the same rate
D)   completely stopE) A) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 17

Under what circumstances will a reinforcer make the target response more likely to occur again?

Accepted Answer

A)   if it is a primary reinforcer
B)   if it is a positive reinforcer
C)   if it is a negative reinforcer
D)   regardless of whether it is a positive or negative reinforcer, a reinforcer makes a response more likely to occurE) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 18

A girl learns that whenever her brother shares his cookie with her, her mother gives him a piece of candy. The girl starts sharing her treats with her friends when they come over in the hopes of getting a similar reward. The girl's learning to share is an example of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   classical conditioning
B)   operant conditioning
C)   contingency theory
D)   observational learningE) None of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 19

Classical conditioning:

Accepted Answer

A)   is primarily concerned with reflexes.
B)   is primarily concerned with involuntary responses.
C)   is passive.
D)   all of the aboveE) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 20

Which schedule of reinforcement reinforces the first correct response after a constant interval of time has elapsed?

Accepted Answer

A)   fixed ratio
B)   variable ratio
C)   fixed interval
D)   variable intervalE) A) and C)
F) None of the above

Exam 5: Learning

When someone uses negative reinforcement to change a behavior the behavior is likely to __________ .

Correct Answer
verified

A girl learns that whenever her brother shares his cookie with her, her mother gives him a piece of candy. The girl starts sharing her treats with her friends when they come over in the hopes of getting a similar reward. The girl's learning to share is an example of ________.

Correct Answer
verified

Which schedule of reinforcement reinforces the first correct response after a constant interval of time has elapsed?

Correct Answer
verified

Classical conditioning:

Correct Answer
verified

When Luke kisses Laura, her heart rate increases. Luke always wore Old Spice After Shave. Whenever Laura smelled Old Spice, her heart raced. Laura's increased heart rate when Luke kissed her was the:

Correct Answer
verified

Cognitive learning involves:

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
verified

Under what circumstances will a reinforcer make the target response more likely to occur again?

Correct Answer
verified

A key to social learning theory is ____________ .

Correct Answer
verified

When a CS is repeatedly presented by itself, ______ will occur.

Correct Answer
verified

Of the following, ________ would serve as a primary reinforcer for most people.

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is an example of punishment by removal?

Correct Answer
verified

Training a rat to push a lever to escape from an electric shock is an example of:

Correct Answer
verified

It is even possible to become classically conditioned by simply watching someone else respond to a stimulus in a process called ________.

Correct Answer
verified

On a fixed-interval schedule, reinforcement is given ________.

Correct Answer
verified

B. F. Skinner is known for his theory of:

Correct Answer
verified

Give an example of a conditioned taste aversion.

Correct Answer
verified

Who was one of the first researchers to explore and attempt to outline the laws of voluntary responses?

Correct Answer
verified

Negative reinforcement is best thought of as:

Correct Answer
verified

Classical is to _ as operant is to _.

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 5: Learning

When someone uses negative reinforcement to change a behavior the behavior is likely to __________ .

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A girl learns that whenever her brother shares his cookie with her, her mother gives him a piece of candy. The girl starts sharing her treats with her friends when they come over in the hopes of getting a similar reward. The girl's learning to share is an example of ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which schedule of reinforcement reinforces the first correct response after a constant interval of time has elapsed?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Classical conditioning:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When Luke kisses Laura, her heart rate increases. Luke always wore Old Spice After Shave. Whenever Laura smelled Old Spice, her heart raced. Laura's increased heart rate when Luke kissed her was the:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Cognitive learning involves:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Under what circumstances will a reinforcer make the target response more likely to occur again?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A key to social learning theory is ____________ .

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When a CS is repeatedly presented by itself, ______ will occur.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Of the following, ________ would serve as a primary reinforcer for most people.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is an example of punishment by removal?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Training a rat to push a lever to escape from an electric shock is an example of:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

It is even possible to become classically conditioned by simply watching someone else respond to a stimulus in a process called ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

On a fixed-interval schedule, reinforcement is given ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

B. F. Skinner is known for his theory of:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Give an example of a conditioned taste aversion.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Who was one of the first researchers to explore and attempt to outline the laws of voluntary responses?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Negative reinforcement is best thought of as:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Classical is to _______ as operant is to _______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
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Classical is to _ as operant is to _.

Correct Answer
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