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Who were the bourgeoisie?


A) Children of mixed aristocracy
B) Wealthy, educated commoners
C) Merchant marriages
D) Poor but titled nobles

E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

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Use the following to answer questions : -Thermidorian reaction


A) The 1763 diplomatic arrangement that ended the Seven Years' War, according vast French territories in North America and India to Britain and Louisiana to Spain.
B) The 1776 document in which the American colonies formally stated they were not under the rule of Great Britain and recast traditional English rights as universal human rights.
C) Opponents of the American Constitution who felt it diminished individual rights and accorded too much power to the federal government at the expense of the states.
D) Traditional representative body of the three estates of France that met in 1789 in response to imminent state bankruptcy.
E) French representative body formed in 1789 by the delegates of the third estate and some members of the clergy, the second estate.
F) A political group during the French Revolution to which many of the deputies of the Legislative Assembly belonged.
G) Led by Robespierre, the French National Convention's radical faction, which led the Convention in 1793.
H) A moderate group that fought for control of the French National Convention in 1793.
I) The laboring poor of Paris, so called because the men wore trousers instead of the knee breeches of the wealthy; the term came to refer to the militant radicals of the city.
J) The period from 1793 to 1794, during which Robespierre's Committee of Public Safety tried and executed thousands suspected of political crimes and a new revolutionary culture was imposed.
K) A response in 1794 to the violence of the Reign of Terror, resulting in the execution of Robespierre and the loosening of economic controls.
L) French civil regulations promulgated in 1804 that reasserted the 1789 principles of the equality of all male citizens before the law and the absolute security of wealth and private property.
M) The area over which Napoleon and his allies ruled, encompassing virtually all of Europe except Great Britain.
N) A blockade imposed by Napoleon in which no ship coming from Britain or its colonies was permitted to dock at any port controlled by the French.
O) People of European descent born in the Americas.
P) A term for natives of Spain and Portugal.

Q) B) and G)
R) N) and P)

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Use the following to answer questions : -Grand Empire


A) The 1763 diplomatic arrangement that ended the Seven Years' War, according vast French territories in North America and India to Britain and Louisiana to Spain.
B) The 1776 document in which the American colonies formally stated they were not under the rule of Great Britain and recast traditional English rights as universal human rights.
C) Opponents of the American Constitution who felt it diminished individual rights and accorded too much power to the federal government at the expense of the states.
D) Traditional representative body of the three estates of France that met in 1789 in response to imminent state bankruptcy.
E) French representative body formed in 1789 by the delegates of the third estate and some members of the clergy, the second estate.
F) A political group during the French Revolution to which many of the deputies of the Legislative Assembly belonged.
G) Led by Robespierre, the French National Convention's radical faction, which led the Convention in 1793.
H) A moderate group that fought for control of the French National Convention in 1793.
I) The laboring poor of Paris, so called because the men wore trousers instead of the knee breeches of the wealthy; the term came to refer to the militant radicals of the city.
J) The period from 1793 to 1794, during which Robespierre's Committee of Public Safety tried and executed thousands suspected of political crimes and a new revolutionary culture was imposed.
K) A response in 1794 to the violence of the Reign of Terror, resulting in the execution of Robespierre and the loosening of economic controls.
L) French civil regulations promulgated in 1804 that reasserted the 1789 principles of the equality of all male citizens before the law and the absolute security of wealth and private property.
M) The area over which Napoleon and his allies ruled, encompassing virtually all of Europe except Great Britain.
N) A blockade imposed by Napoleon in which no ship coming from Britain or its colonies was permitted to dock at any port controlled by the French.
O) People of European descent born in the Americas.
P) A term for natives of Spain and Portugal.

Q) A) and M)
R) C) and M)

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Compare the origins of the American and French revolutions. In what ways do the factors behind each revolution reflect the situation in each country? How did these factors influence the course of each revolution?

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Answer would ideally include:
In both re...

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According to the map "Loyalist Strength in the Colonies, ca. 1774-1776," Britain had reason to believe their southern strategy during the American Revolution would be successful due to which of the following? According to the map  Loyalist Strength in the Colonies, ca. 1774-1776,  Britain had reason to believe their southern strategy during the American Revolution would be successful due to which of the following?   A)  The contested territory was significantly larger in size. B)  The southern colonies were close to their colonial holdings in the Caribbean. C)  Western Virginia and North Carolina had mountainous terrain. D)  A larger number of Loyalists lived in the southern colonies.


A) The contested territory was significantly larger in size.
B) The southern colonies were close to their colonial holdings in the Caribbean.
C) Western Virginia and North Carolina had mountainous terrain.
D) A larger number of Loyalists lived in the southern colonies.

E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

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Use the following to answer questions : -Girondists


A) The 1763 diplomatic arrangement that ended the Seven Years' War, according vast French territories in North America and India to Britain and Louisiana to Spain.
B) The 1776 document in which the American colonies formally stated they were not under the rule of Great Britain and recast traditional English rights as universal human rights.
C) Opponents of the American Constitution who felt it diminished individual rights and accorded too much power to the federal government at the expense of the states.
D) Traditional representative body of the three estates of France that met in 1789 in response to imminent state bankruptcy.
E) French representative body formed in 1789 by the delegates of the third estate and some members of the clergy, the second estate.
F) A political group during the French Revolution to which many of the deputies of the Legislative Assembly belonged.
G) Led by Robespierre, the French National Convention's radical faction, which led the Convention in 1793.
H) A moderate group that fought for control of the French National Convention in 1793.
I) The laboring poor of Paris, so called because the men wore trousers instead of the knee breeches of the wealthy; the term came to refer to the militant radicals of the city.
J) The period from 1793 to 1794, during which Robespierre's Committee of Public Safety tried and executed thousands suspected of political crimes and a new revolutionary culture was imposed.
K) A response in 1794 to the violence of the Reign of Terror, resulting in the execution of Robespierre and the loosening of economic controls.
L) French civil regulations promulgated in 1804 that reasserted the 1789 principles of the equality of all male citizens before the law and the absolute security of wealth and private property.
M) The area over which Napoleon and his allies ruled, encompassing virtually all of Europe except Great Britain.
N) A blockade imposed by Napoleon in which no ship coming from Britain or its colonies was permitted to dock at any port controlled by the French.
O) People of European descent born in the Americas.
P) A term for natives of Spain and Portugal.

Q) A) and B)
R) A) and J)

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By the late eighteenth century, European law recognized only what kinds of people as slaves?


A) People who could not pay their debts
B) Eastern Europeans born to illiterate parents
C) Anyone not born into the elite, noble class
D) Africans or people of African descent

E) C) and D)
F) All of the above

Correct Answer

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Use the following to answer questions : -Declaration of Independence


A) The 1763 diplomatic arrangement that ended the Seven Years' War, according vast French territories in North America and India to Britain and Louisiana to Spain.
B) The 1776 document in which the American colonies formally stated they were not under the rule of Great Britain and recast traditional English rights as universal human rights.
C) Opponents of the American Constitution who felt it diminished individual rights and accorded too much power to the federal government at the expense of the states.
D) Traditional representative body of the three estates of France that met in 1789 in response to imminent state bankruptcy.
E) French representative body formed in 1789 by the delegates of the third estate and some members of the clergy, the second estate.
F) A political group during the French Revolution to which many of the deputies of the Legislative Assembly belonged.
G) Led by Robespierre, the French National Convention's radical faction, which led the Convention in 1793.
H) A moderate group that fought for control of the French National Convention in 1793.
I) The laboring poor of Paris, so called because the men wore trousers instead of the knee breeches of the wealthy; the term came to refer to the militant radicals of the city.
J) The period from 1793 to 1794, during which Robespierre's Committee of Public Safety tried and executed thousands suspected of political crimes and a new revolutionary culture was imposed.
K) A response in 1794 to the violence of the Reign of Terror, resulting in the execution of Robespierre and the loosening of economic controls.
L) French civil regulations promulgated in 1804 that reasserted the 1789 principles of the equality of all male citizens before the law and the absolute security of wealth and private property.
M) The area over which Napoleon and his allies ruled, encompassing virtually all of Europe except Great Britain.
N) A blockade imposed by Napoleon in which no ship coming from Britain or its colonies was permitted to dock at any port controlled by the French.
O) People of European descent born in the Americas.
P) A term for natives of Spain and Portugal.

Q) A) and N)
R) D) and H)

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In August 1791, who revolted on the island of Saint-Domingue?


A) Free people of color
B) Slaves
C) All people of color
D) Spanish laborers

E) None of the above
F) All of the above

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Liberalism inspired political revolutionaries in both North America and France. What was liberalism? How was it manifested in the Declaration of Independence, Constitution, and Bill of Rights in the United States and the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen and the Civil Code in France? What were the limits of liberalism in all of these documents?

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Answer would ideally include:
Eighteenth...

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Spaniards, Creoles, and Indian nobles joined forces to defeat who in 1780?


A) Simon Bolivar
B) Túpac Amaru II
C) Toussaint L'Ouverture
D) The Cabildos

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Correct Answer

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Why did Napoleon negotiate the Concordat of 1801 with the pope?


A) He was a devout Catholic.
B) He was afraid the pope would throw his support to France's opponents.
C) He hoped the Catholic Church would help stabilize society and maintain order.
D) He wanted to use church funds to help operate the French government.

E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

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Which of the following did the British use to assist their efforts in the American Revolution?


A) Terror tactics
B) German mercenaries
C) Mass extermination
D) Offers of a compromise

E) A) and C)
F) None of the above

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This painting shows a Spanish rebel about to be executed. His arms are upraised and he is bathed in light. What do these elements suggest the artist was trying to portray? This painting shows a Spanish rebel about to be executed. His arms are upraised and he is bathed in light. What do these elements suggest the artist was trying to portray?   A)  Many Spanish rebels took a nonconfrontational stance toward Napoleon's forces. B)  Many conquered peoples felt fear during the Napoleonic Wars. C)  The victim represents a Christ-like martyr. D)  The victim is being justly punished as a ruthless enemy of Napoleon's army.


A) Many Spanish rebels took a nonconfrontational stance toward Napoleon's forces.
B) Many conquered peoples felt fear during the Napoleonic Wars.
C) The victim represents a Christ-like martyr.
D) The victim is being justly punished as a ruthless enemy of Napoleon's army.

E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

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In what ways did the three estates of the Estates General agree and disagree on issues in 1789?

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Answer would ideally include:
All three ...

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Which of the following was included in the 1763 Treaty of Paris?


A) Spain ceded Louisiana to France as compensation for France's loss of Florida to Britain.
B) France gave up most of its holdings in India, opening the way to British dominance on the subcontinent.
C) Canada and all French territory east of the Mississippi River passed to Spain.
D) France lost control of all of its colonial holdings, and its profitable Caribbean colonies passed to Britain.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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The Atlantic revolutions, spanning from France to North and South America, shared many common traits. But in important ways, they were also very different. Discuss some of the broad similarities and differences in the Atlantic revolutions.

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Answer would ideally include:
A good ans...

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Why did Robespierre call a halt to efforts at de-Christianization?


A) He hoped to gain the support of Christians outside of France.
B) He converted to Catholicism.
C) He feared unrest in the countryside.
D) He believed he had achieved his goal in this regard.

E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

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What did both Britain and France do as a result of the Seven Years' War?


A) Lost all their colonies
B) Dominated European politics
C) Began to focus more on Asia
D) Raised taxes

E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

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Who did Abbé Sieyès argue should have more authority in the Estates General?


A) The landed nobility
B) The third estate
C) The high-ranking clergy
D) Royal ministers

E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

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