Question 1

________ processing refers to how our knowledge and expectations influence perception.

Accepted Answer

A)  Top-down 
B)  Bottom-up 
C)  Parapsychological 
D)  PsychophysicalE) A) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 2

The axons of ganglion cells converge to form

Accepted Answer

A)  the lens. 
B)  bipolar cells. 
C)  the visual cortex. 
D)  the optic nerve.E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 3

In the opponent-process theory,the three pairs of processes are

Accepted Answer

A)  red-green,blue-yellow,black-white. 
B)  red-blue,green-yellow,black-white. 
C)  red-yellow,blue-green,black-white. 
D)  dependent upon the individual's experience.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 4

Explaining why the best work of scientists is often produced in early adulthood while that of novelists often originates during middle adulthood requires a distinction between

Accepted Answer

A)  initiative and generativity. 
B)  concrete and formal operations. 
C)  fluid and crystallized intelligence. 
D)  competence and accomplishment.E) C) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 5

The size of the pupil is controlled by the

Accepted Answer

A)  lens. 
B)  retina. 
C)  cornea. 
D)  iris.E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Question 6

When most people stare at a red square and then shift their eyes to a white surface,the afterimage of the square is

Accepted Answer

A)  yellow. 
B)  red. 
C)  green. 
D)  blue.E) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 7

Which receptor cells most directly enable us to distinguish different wavelengths of light?

Accepted Answer

A)  rods 
B)  cones 
C)  bipolar cells 
D)  feature detectorsE) A) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 8

Use your understanding of sensory adaptation and pain control to argue that sensation is often influenced by our motives,expectations,and psychological states of mind.

Accepted Answer

Sensory adaptation refers to the process...

Question 9

Deborah is a mathematician and Willie is a philosopher. Considering their professions

Accepted Answer

A)  Deborah will make her most significant career accomplishments at an earlier age than Willie will. 
B)  Deborah will make her most significant career accomplishments at a later age than Willie will. 
C)  Deborah will make her most significant career accomplishments at about the same time as Willie. 
D)  there is still not enough information for predicting such accomplishments.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 10

Feature detectors pass information to other cortical areas where complex patterns are processed by

Accepted Answer

A)  bipolar cells. 
B)  supercell clusters. 
C)  the optic nerve. 
D)  opponent-process cells.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 11

The size of the difference threshold is greater for heavier objects than for lighter ones. This best illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)  sensory adaptation. 
B)  bottom-up processing. 
C)  Weber's law. 
D)  subliminal stimulation.E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 12

According to the Young-Helmholtz theory,when both red-sensitive and green-sensitive cones are stimulated simultaneously,a person should see

Accepted Answer

A)  red. 
B)  yellow. 
C)  blue. 
D)  green.E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 13

People's response to subliminal priming indicates that

Accepted Answer

A)  they are capable of processing information without any conscious awareness of doing so. 
B)  their unconscious minds are incapable of resisting subliminally presented suggestions. 
C)  they are more sensitive to subliminal sounds than to subliminal sights. 
D)  they experience a sense of discomfort whenever they are exposed to subliminal stimuli.E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 14

The amount of light entering the eye is regulated by the

Accepted Answer

A)  iris. 
B)  retina. 
C)  optic nerve. 
D)  feature detectors.E) A) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 15

Photographs of people were rated more positively if the photos immediately followed a briefly flashed image of kittens. This best illustrates the impact of

Accepted Answer

A)  sensory adaptation. 
B)  absolute thresholds. 
C)  retinal disparity. 
D)  priming.E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 16

Older people's capacity to learn and remember meaningful material does not decline as much as their capacity to learn and remember meaningless material. This best illustrates the value of

Accepted Answer

A)  concrete operational thought. 
B)  crystallized intelligence. 
C)  formal operational thought. 
D)  fluid intelligence.E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 17

One reason that your ability to detect fine visual details is greatest when scenes are focused on the fovea of your retina is that

Accepted Answer

A)  there are more feature detectors in the fovea than in the peripheral regions of the retina. 
B)  cones in the fovea are nearer to the optic nerve than those in peripheral regions of the retina. 
C)  many rods,which are clustered in the fovea,have individual bipolar cells to relay their information to the cortex. 
D)  many cones,which are clustered in the fovea,have individual bipolar cells to relay their information to the cortex.E) None of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 18

I am a cell in the thalamus that is excited by red and inhibited by green. I am a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  feature detector. 
B)  cone. 
C)  bipolar cell. 
D)  opponent-process cell.E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 19

Rods are

Accepted Answer

A)  more light-sensitive and more color-sensitive than are cones. 
B)  less light-sensitive and less color-sensitive than are cones. 
C)  more light-sensitive and less color-sensitive than are cones. 
D)  less light-sensitive and more color-sensitive than are cones.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 20

Perception is the process by which

Accepted Answer

A)  stimulus energies are detected. 
B)  stimulus energies are transformed into neural activity. 
C)  sensory input is organized and interpreted. 
D)  nerve cells respond to specific features of a stimulus.E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Exam 26: Who Likes Whom

________ processing refers to how our knowledge and expectations influence perception.

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Older people's capacity to learn and remember meaningful material does not decline as much as their capacity to learn and remember meaningless material. This best illustrates the value of

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Rods are

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The axons of ganglion cells converge to form

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One reason that your ability to detect fine visual details is greatest when scenes are focused on the fovea of your retina is that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the opponent-process theory,the three pairs of processes are

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Photographs of people were rated more positively if the photos immediately followed a briefly flashed image of kittens. This best illustrates the impact of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Use your understanding of sensory adaptation and pain control to argue that sensation is often influenced by our motives,expectations,and psychological states of mind.

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AISensory adaptation refers to the process...View AnswerShow Answer

The size of the pupil is controlled by the

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Explaining why the best work of scientists is often produced in early adulthood while that of novelists often originates during middle adulthood requires a distinction between

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Perception is the process by which

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The size of the difference threshold is greater for heavier objects than for lighter ones. This best illustrates

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to the Young-Helmholtz theory,when both red-sensitive and green-sensitive cones are stimulated simultaneously,a person should see

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Feature detectors pass information to other cortical areas where complex patterns are processed by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The amount of light entering the eye is regulated by the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which receptor cells most directly enable us to distinguish different wavelengths of light?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When most people stare at a red square and then shift their eyes to a white surface,the afterimage of the square is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Deborah is a mathematician and Willie is a philosopher. Considering their professions

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

People's response to subliminal priming indicates that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

I am a cell in the thalamus that is excited by red and inhibited by green. I am a(n)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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Sensory adaptation refers to the process...
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