Question 1

The process known as is initiated with the incorporation of fMet.

Accepted Answer

A)   transcription
B)   capping
C)   DNA replication
D)   translation
E)   light repairF) D) and E)
G) C) and D) D

Question 2

The (leading/lagging/replicating) strand is the DNA strand that is synthesized continuously during DNA replication.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The (leading/lagging/replicating) strand is the DNA strand...

Question 3

The phenotype of an organism reflects only part of its genotype.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

The (phenotype/genome/genotype) is the set of genes in the genome of an organism.

Accepted Answer

genotype

Question 5

Which of the following regulatory RNAs alter translation in response to environmental conditions?

Accepted Answer

A)   microRNAs
B)   transfer RNAs
C)   riboswitches
D)   miRNA-induced silencing complexes (miRISCs) 
E)   small interfering RNAsF) A) and B)
G) B) and E)

Question 6

The horizontal transfer process known as transduction

Accepted Answer

A)   involves a virus.
B)   requires a cell to be ʺcompetent.ʺ
C)   involves a mutagen.
D)   requires a plasmid.
E)   requires a pilus.F) C) and D)
G) B) and C)

Question 7

Initiation of messenger RNA (mRNA) transcription requires a primer, which is provided by a promoter.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Sigma factors are involved in the regulation of bacterial

Accepted Answer

A)   transcription.
B)   mutation repair.
C)   DNA replication.
D)   translation.
E)   transformation.F) A) and D)
G) None of the above

Question 9

A point mutation can be completely harmless, or it can result in the death of a cell or organism. Explain why these types of mutations can have such varying effects.

Accepted Answer

A point mutation is a single base change in the nucleotide sequence of a cellʹs genome. The effects of a point mutation can depend on its location. Point mutations in noncoding regions of the genome are usually harmless. Even in coding regions, point mutations can be harmless if they result in silent mutations. Silent mutations preserve the sense of the amino acid code because of the concept of
ʺwobble,ʺ in which two codons can code for the same amino acid by varying only at the third base of the codon. If the point mutation has occurred at this third base, then the amino acid sequence of the protein will remain unchanged. Point mutations occurring at the first or second base of the codon are almost always much more serious because they change the codon to a completely different amino acid. This type of point mutation is known as a missense mutation. Occasionally changes in the first or second base are still silent, in the case of amino acids specified by several codons (e.g. CGG and AGG both code for Arginine). (Another exception to this occurs when the new amino acid is chemically similar to the previous amino acid, in which case the missense mutation usually causes little or no change in the overall structure or function of the protein.) Finally, one of the most serious types of point mutations is a nonsense mutation in which the codon has been changed to a stop codon. These types of mutations result in the abnormal termination of a protein sequence. In all such cases, if the protein affected by the mutation is an enzyme or some other vital protein required for proper cellular function, then the cell and/or organism may die as a result of these relatively simple mutations.

Question 10

Which of the following causes mutations by creating thymine dimers?

Accepted Answer

A)   nitrous acid
B)   nucleotide analogs
C)   benzopyrene
D)   ultraviolet light
E)   gamma raysF) C) and D)
G) B) and E)

Question 11

Most bacteria have a natural ability to take up DNA from their environment.)

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Bacteria acquire new DNA from the environment in the process of

Accepted Answer

A)   transformation.
B)   the SOS response.
C)   transposition.
D)   recombination.
E)   conjugation.F) A) and B)
G) D) and E)

Question 13

Which of the following processes is involved in the ʺcentral dogmaʺ of genetics?

Accepted Answer

A)   transcription only
B)   DNA replication and translation
C)   translation only
D)   transcription and translation
E)   DNA replication onlyF) A) and D)
G) C) and E)

Question 14

A(n) (genome/codon/operon) is a set of prokaryotic genes that are regulated and transcribed as a unit.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A(n) (genome/codon/operon) is a set of prokaryotic...

Question 15

The structure of DNA explains both its ability to encode genetic information and the way in which it is copied during cell reproduction.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

DNA damage caused by ethidium bromide results in mutations.

Accepted Answer

A)   deletion
B)   insertion
C)   substitution
D)   both inversion and insertion
E)   both insertion and deletionF) B) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 17

Which of the following statements is CORRECT about BOTH bacterial and eukaryotic DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

A)   The lagging strand is synthesized in fragments of about 1000 or so bases.
B)   A single DNA polymerase is responsible for both leading strand and lagging strand synthesis.
C)   Replication proceeds bidirectionally from the origin of replication.
D)   An RNA primase is required for initiation of synthesis.
E)   Each chromosome has multiple origins of replication.F) All of the above
G) A) and B)

Question 18

The procedure known as ʺreplica platingʺ is used in

Accepted Answer

A)   negative selection only.
B)   both positive and negative selection.
C)   the Ames test.
D)   positive selection only.
E)   mutagenesis.F) B) and D)
G) C) and D)

Question 19

Transfer of DNA between bacterial cells by viruses is called (transformation/transduction/conjugation).

Accepted Answer

The answer of Transfer of DNA between bacterial cells by...

Question 20

The DNA sequence of a portion of gene in a wild-type organism is TTACCATATTCACCC, and the corresponding peptide sequence is Leu-Pro-Tyr-Ser-Pro. The corresponding gene fragment in a phenotypic variant of the organism is TTACCATATTCACCC and the peptide sequence is Leu-Pro-Cys-Ser-Pro. This is an example of a(n)  mutation (type)  resulting in a
Mutation (effect) .

Accepted Answer

A)   base substitution; silent
B)   base substitution; missense
C)   deletion; missense
D)   insertion; nonsense
E)   base substitution; nonsenseF) A) and D)
G) B) and D)

Exam 7: Microbial Genetics

The process known as is initiated with the incorporation of fMet.

Correct Answer
verified
D

The (leading/lagging/replicating) strand is the DNA strand that is synthesized continuously during DNA replication.

Correct Answer
verified

The phenotype of an organism reflects only part of its genotype.

Correct Answer
verified

The (phenotype/genome/genotype) is the set of genes in the genome of an organism.

Correct Answer
verified
genotype

Which of the following regulatory RNAs alter translation in response to environmental conditions?

Correct Answer
verified

The horizontal transfer process known as transduction

Correct Answer
verified

Initiation of messenger RNA (mRNA) transcription requires a primer, which is provided by a promoter.

Correct Answer
verified

Sigma factors are involved in the regulation of bacterial

Correct Answer
verified

A point mutation can be completely harmless, or it can result in the death of a cell or organism. Explain why these types of mutations can have such varying effects.

Which of the following causes mutations by creating thymine dimers?

Correct Answer
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Most bacteria have a natural ability to take up DNA from their environment.)

Correct Answer
verified

Bacteria acquire new DNA from the environment in the process of

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following processes is involved in the ʺcentral dogmaʺ of genetics?

Correct Answer
verified

A(n) (genome/codon/operon) is a set of prokaryotic genes that are regulated and transcribed as a unit.

Correct Answer
verified

The structure of DNA explains both its ability to encode genetic information and the way in which it is copied during cell reproduction.

Correct Answer
verified

DNA damage caused by ethidium bromide results in mutations.

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following statements is CORRECT about BOTH bacterial and eukaryotic DNA replication?

Correct Answer
verified

The procedure known as ʺreplica platingʺ is used in

Correct Answer
verified

Transfer of DNA between bacterial cells by viruses is called (transformation/transduction/conjugation).

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 7: Microbial Genetics

The process known as is initiated with the incorporation of fMet.

Correct AnswerverifiedD

The (leading/lagging/replicating) strand is the DNA strand that is synthesized continuously during DNA replication.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The phenotype of an organism reflects only part of its genotype.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The (phenotype/genome/genotype) is the set of genes in the genome of an organism.

Correct Answerverifiedgenotype

Which of the following regulatory RNAs alter translation in response to environmental conditions?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The horizontal transfer process known as transduction

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Initiation of messenger RNA (mRNA) transcription requires a primer, which is provided by a promoter.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Sigma factors are involved in the regulation of bacterial

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A point mutation can be completely harmless, or it can result in the death of a cell or organism. Explain why these types of mutations can have such varying effects.

Which of the following causes mutations by creating thymine dimers?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Most bacteria have a natural ability to take up DNA from their environment.)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Bacteria acquire new DNA from the environment in the process of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following processes is involved in the ʺcentral dogmaʺ of genetics?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A(n) (genome/codon/operon) is a set of prokaryotic genes that are regulated and transcribed as a unit.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The structure of DNA explains both its ability to encode genetic information and the way in which it is copied during cell reproduction.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

DNA damage caused by ethidium bromide results in mutations.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements is CORRECT about BOTH bacterial and eukaryotic DNA replication?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The procedure known as ʺreplica platingʺ is used in

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Transfer of DNA between bacterial cells by viruses is called (transformation/transduction/conjugation).

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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D

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genotype

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