Question 1

The is a layer of epithelial cells on the outer side of the serosa that secretes a watery lubricating fluid that makes it easier for organs to slide past one another.

Accepted Answer

A)  submucosa
B)  myenteric plexus
C)  mesothelium
D)  mesentery
E)  endotheliumF) None of the above
G) All of the above

Question 2

Obesity is a primary cause of insulin resistance and vice versa.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

What is a ring of skeletal muscle that regulates the movement of a bolus into the esophagus?

Accepted Answer

A)  pyloric sphincter
B)  lower esophageal sphincter
C)  epiglottis
D)  upper esophageal sphincter
E)  glottisF) All of the above
G) None of the above

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT one of the hormones released by the gastrointestinal tract that regulates its function?

Accepted Answer

A)  gastrin
B)  glucose- dependent insulinotropic peptide
C)  secretin
D)  cholecystokinin
E)  glucose inhibitory peptideF) All of the above
G) A) and E)

Question 5

The secretion of pepsinogen and hydrogen ions are inversely related; as acid secretion increases, pepsinogen decreases.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Macrophages secrete what substance that may contribute to insulin resistance?

Accepted Answer

A)  resistin
B)  glucose
C)  insulin- like growth factor (IGF- 1) 
D)  glucagon
E)  caseinF) C) and D)
G) B) and D)

Question 7

In what subdivision of the four layers of the GI tract are Peyer's patches located?

Accepted Answer

A)  submucosa of the mucosa
B)  lamina propria of the serosa
C)  mucous membrane of the serosa
D)  myenteric plexus of the muscularis externa
E)  lamina propria of the mucosaF) B) and E)
G) D) and E)

Question 8

The extensive volume of water that is absorbed within the digestive tract is driven passively by the osmotic gradient.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Islets of Langerhans are highly vascularized bits of endocrine tissue found where?

Accepted Answer

A)  small intestine
B)  pancreas
C)  liver
D)  large intestine
E)  stomachF) B) and C)
G) A) and E)

Question 10

Crypts of Lieberkühn are found in which organ?

Accepted Answer

A)  large intestine
B)  small intestine
C)  stomach
D)  pancreas
E)  liverF) A) and E)
G) B) and C)

Question 11

Obesity predisposes a person for development of all of the following diseases EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  rickets.
B)  atherosclerosis.
C)  hypertension.
D)  liver disease.
E)  heart disease.F) D) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 12

What is the predominant hormone to inhibit gastric secretion and motility in response to distension of the duodenum?

Accepted Answer

A)  gastrin
B)  glucose- dependent insulinotropic peptide
C)  motilin
D)  secretin
E)  cholecystokininF) A) and E)
G) All of the above

Question 13

As the outermost layer of the gastrointestinal wall, which of the following secretes a lubricant to slide over other organs?

Accepted Answer

A)  myenteric plexus
B)  mucosa
C)  serosa
D)  muscularis externa
E)  submucosaF) A) and E)
G) B) and E)

Question 14

Intrinsic factor is produced where?

Accepted Answer

A)  chief cell
B)  parietal cell
C)  neck cell
D)  acinar cell
E)  G cellF) A) and E)
G) B) and E)

Question 15

What causes peristalsis?

Accepted Answer

A)  contraction of the circular muscle layer and relaxation of the longitudinal muscle at the same segment
B)  contraction of both the circular muscle layer and longitudinal muscle in the proximal segment coupled with the relaxation of both the circular muscle layer and longitudinal muscle in the distal segment
C)  relaxation of the circular muscle layer and contraction of the longitudinal muscle at the same segment
D)  relaxation of the circular muscle layer and contraction of the longitudinal muscle in the proximal segment coupled with the relaxation of longitudinal muscle and contraction of the circular muscle in the distal segment
E)  contraction of the circular muscle layer and relaxation of the longitudinal muscle in the proximal segment coupled with the contraction of longitudinal muscle and relaxation of the circular muscle in the distal segmentF) None of the above
G) C) and D)

Question 16

The muscle layers for segmentation and peristalsis are located in the muscularis externa.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

What are macrophages in the liver called?

Accepted Answer

A)  histiocytes
B)  sinusoidal lining cells
C)  Kupffer cells
D)  sideroblasts
E)  giant cellsF) C) and E)
G) B) and C)

Question 18

The rate of the basic electrical rhythm is dependent on input from the autonomic nervous system.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

The flow of bile from the liver and juices from the exocrine pancreas converge at what structure?

Accepted Answer

A)  common bile duct
B)  bile duct
C)  gallbladder
D)  ampulla of Vater
E)  common hepatic ductF) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 20

In the jejunum, bicarbonate is , while in the ileum and colon, bicarbonate is .

Accepted Answer

A)  absorbed : absorbed
B)  absorbed : secreted
C)  secreted : secreted
D)  absorbed : not transported in either direction
E)  secreted : absorbedF) A) and E)
G) All of the above

Exam 20: The Gastrointestinal System

The is a layer of epithelial cells on the outer side of the serosa that secretes a watery lubricating fluid that makes it easier for organs to slide past one another.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What are macrophages in the liver called?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Islets of Langerhans are highly vascularized bits of endocrine tissue found where?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The secretion of pepsinogen and hydrogen ions are inversely related; as acid secretion increases, pepsinogen decreases.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is a ring of skeletal muscle that regulates the movement of a bolus into the esophagus?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is NOT one of the hormones released by the gastrointestinal tract that regulates its function?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In what subdivision of the four layers of the GI tract are Peyer's patches located?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The rate of the basic electrical rhythm is dependent on input from the autonomic nervous system.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Macrophages secrete what substance that may contribute to insulin resistance?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The extensive volume of water that is absorbed within the digestive tract is driven passively by the osmotic gradient.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The muscle layers for segmentation and peristalsis are located in the muscularis externa.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Crypts of Lieberkühn are found in which organ?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

As the outermost layer of the gastrointestinal wall, which of the following secretes a lubricant to slide over other organs?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Intrinsic factor is produced where?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Obesity is a primary cause of insulin resistance and vice versa.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Obesity predisposes a person for development of all of the following diseases EXCEPT

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The flow of bile from the liver and juices from the exocrine pancreas converge at what structure?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What causes peristalsis?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the predominant hormone to inhibit gastric secretion and motility in response to distension of the duodenum?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the jejunum, bicarbonate is , while in the ileum and colon, bicarbonate is .

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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