Question 1

Activation of helper T cell proliferation, once it has bound to its major histocompatibility (MHC) molecule, involves the release of from .

Accepted Answer

A)  interleukin- 10 : macrophages
B)  interleukin- 4 : cytotoxic T cells
C)  interleukin- 1 : B cells
D)  interleukin- 2 : macrophages
E)  interleukin- 2 : B cellsF) All of the above
G) A) and D)

Question 2

During what process are cytokines released to initiate inflammation?

Accepted Answer

A)  when capillaries dilate and become more permeable
B)  the clearance of the infection by phagocytosis
C)  when foreign matter is contained
D)  when macrophages engulf debris and foreign matter
E)  when additional leukocytes are recruited to the regionF) A) and B)
G) D) and E)

Question 3

All classes of antibodies are capable of neutralization of antigen.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

What is/are a component of the complement system that coats the bacterial surface, acting as an opsonin to enhance phagocytosis of bacteria?

Accepted Answer

A)  CD8
B)  polysaccharides
C)  CD4
D)  C3b
E)  C2cF) A) and E)
G) None of the above

Question 5

The constant region of an antibody determines its specificity, whereas the variable region determines its mechanism of action.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Polysaccharides on bacterial cells stimulate the production of antibodies by binding to

Accepted Answer

A)  B cells that stimulate plasma and memory cell proliferation.
B)  helper T cells that release interleukin- 1 to stimulate plasma cell proliferation.
C)  helper T cells that directly stimulate plasma and memory cell proliferation.
D)  B cells that stimulate plasma cell proliferation.
E)  B cells that release interleukin- 2 to stimulate plasma cell proliferation.F) A) and C)
G) A) and B)

Question 7

What cells are also called CD4 cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  suppressor T cells
B)  B cells
C)  plasma cells
D)  helper T cells
E)  cytotoxic T cellsF) C) and E)
G) C) and D)

Question 8

Blood is classified into different types based on the presence or absence of certain on the surface of a person's red blood cells.

Accepted Answer

A)  HLA molecules
B)  MHC molecules
C)  antibodies
D)  IL- 2 molecules
E)  antigensF) D) and E)
G) None of the above

Question 9

Along with nonspecific immunity is specific immunity, which is targeted at particular pathogens. Describe the general features of the specific immune response.

Accepted Answer

Specific immune responses are directed t...

Question 10

What cytokine is secreted by virally infected cells to induce a virus- resistant state in nearby cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  interleukin- 4
B)  interferon- y
C)  interferon- a
D)  interleukin- 5
E)  interleukin- 10F) B) and C)
G) A) and B)

Question 11

The membrane attack complex is formed by major histocompatibility proteins.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

The protein on the cytotoxic T cell binds to the major histocompatibility (MHC) molecule on the infected cell.

Accepted Answer

A)  CD8 : class I
B)  CD6 : class I
C)  CD4 : class I
D)  CD8 : class II
E)  CD4 : class IIF) B) and C)
G) A) and B)

Question 13

A natural form of passive immunity involves the transfer of

Accepted Answer

A)  IgG antibodies by kissing.
B)  IgG antibodies to an infant through the mother's milk.
C)  IgE antibodies by sneezing.
D)  IgA antibodies across the placenta.
E)  IgA antibodies to an infant through the mother's milk.F) All of the above
G) A) and B)

Question 14

Proteins that bind to foreign matter making it easier for phagocytosis are called

Accepted Answer

A)  heparin.
B)  selectins.
C)  integrins.
D)  leukotins.
E)  opsonins.F) C) and D)
G) C) and E)

Question 15

Which statement best describes the mechanism of neutralization?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pathogens are bound by antibodies and are more susceptible to phagocytosis.
B)  Cells are neutralized by toxins injected by natural killer cells.
C)  Antigens clump together and are more susceptible to phagocytosis.
D)  An antibody blocks an antigen's activity by binding to it.
E)  It causes pathogenic cells to lyse.F) C) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 16

In the process of agglutination, IgD antibodies

Accepted Answer

A)  remove the antigen from the pathogen.
B)  activate the complement system.
C)  stimulate the release of histamine from mast cells.
D)  bind to antigens on two different cells.
E)  block access to the antigenic site.F) A) and B)
G) B) and E)

Question 17

In order to be detected by a T cell, the class II major histocompatibility (MHC) molecule of infected cells must go through the process of before presenting the antigen.

Accepted Answer

A)  perforin incorporation
B)  MHC molecule presentation
C)  antibody binding
D)  phagocytosis
E)  complement activationF) A) and D)
G) C) and D)

Question 18

The complement system can be activated by IgM, IgG, and IgA.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

In order to be completely functional, a T cell must be activated by

Accepted Answer

A)  the lymph nodes.
B)  the thyroid gland.
C)  bone marrow.
D)  the parathyroid gland.
E)  the thymus gland.F) C) and D)
G) A) and B)

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT an action of interleukins released by phagocytic cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  stimulating the production of acute phase proteins from the liver
B)  stimulation of the release of neutrophils from bone marrow
C)  acting as opsonins to facilitate phagocytosis
D)  acting as endogenous pyrogens to increase body temperature
E)  increasing endothelial cell synthesis of adhesion moleculesF) D) and E)
G) A) and C)

Exam 23: The Immune System

During what process are cytokines released to initiate inflammation?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Along with nonspecific immunity is specific immunity, which is targeted at particular pathogens. Describe the general features of the specific immune response.

Correct AnswerverifiedSpecific immune responses are directed t...View AnswerShow Answer

What is/are a component of the complement system that coats the bacterial surface, acting as an opsonin to enhance phagocytosis of bacteria?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In order to be detected by a T cell, the class II major histocompatibility (MHC) molecule of infected cells must go through the process of before presenting the antigen.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In order to be completely functional, a T cell must be activated by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which statement best describes the mechanism of neutralization?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The membrane attack complex is formed by major histocompatibility proteins.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Blood is classified into different types based on the presence or absence of certain on the surface of a person's red blood cells.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Activation of helper T cell proliferation, once it has bound to its major histocompatibility (MHC) molecule, involves the release of from .

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Polysaccharides on bacterial cells stimulate the production of antibodies by binding to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A natural form of passive immunity involves the transfer of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is NOT an action of interleukins released by phagocytic cells?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The constant region of an antibody determines its specificity, whereas the variable region determines its mechanism of action.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What cells are also called CD4 cells?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What cytokine is secreted by virally infected cells to induce a virus- resistant state in nearby cells?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Proteins that bind to foreign matter making it easier for phagocytosis are called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The complement system can be activated by IgM, IgG, and IgA.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

All classes of antibodies are capable of neutralization of antigen.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the process of agglutination, IgD antibodies

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The protein on the cytotoxic T cell binds to the major histocompatibility (MHC) molecule on the infected cell.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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Specific immune responses are directed t...
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