Question 1

The capillaries of the glomerulus differ from most other capillary networks in the body because they

Accepted Answer

A)   carry only deoxygenated blood.
B)   drain into an arteriole instead of a venule.
C)   contain no endothelium.
D)   absorb nutrients from the glomerular capsule.
E)   secrete mucus.F) A) and C)
G) B) and E)

Question 2

The tubular pole of the renal corpuscle is where afferent and efferent arterioles attach to the glomerulus.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

The countercurrent multiplier is a system by which the

Accepted Answer

A)   nephron loop multiplies the concentration of salts in the interstitial fluid of the kidney medulla.
B)   nephron loop dilutes the concentration of solutes in the tubular fluid at its hairpin turn.
C)   vasa recta secretes multiple amounts of metabolic wastes against their concentration gradient.
D)   vasa recta becomes more concentrated with nitrogenous wastes than the urine.E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 4

Granular cells synthesize and release the enzyme

Accepted Answer

A)   angiotensinogen.
B)   antidiuretic hormone.
C)   renin.
D)   calcitriol.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 5

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Accepted Answer

A)   stimulates reabsorption of both calcium and phosphate.
B)   stimulates reabsorption of calcium but inhibits phosphate reabsorption.
C)   inhibits reabsorption of calcium but stimulates phosphate reabsorption.
D)   inhibits reabsorption of both calcium and phosphate.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 6

Increases in the levels of plasma proteins result in increases in net filtration pressure.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Place the regions of the nephron in the correct order for the process of urine formation.
A: Capsular space of glomerulus
B: Nephron loop
C: Collecting duct
D: Distal convoluted tubule
E: Proximal convoluted tubule

Accepted Answer

A)   a, c, b, e, d
B)   e, d, b, a, c
C)   b, e, c, d, a
D)   b, d, c, e, a
E)   a, e, b, d, cF) C) and D)
G) A) and C)

Question 8

After the hairpin turn in the vasa recta, the blood within it starts to lose salt and gain water.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

The presence of proteins in the plasma tends to

Accepted Answer

A)   push fluid across the filtration membrane.
B)   draw fluid back into the glomerulus.C) A) and B)
D) undefined

Question 10

Sympathetic nervous system influences on glomerular filtration rate are considered ________ controls.

Accepted Answer

A)   intrinsic
B)   extrinsicC) A) and B)
D) undefined

Question 11

The word "countercurrent" within "countercurrent multiplier" refers to the opposite direction of flow of

Accepted Answer

A)   sodium and potassium across the wall of the nephron.
B)   tubular fluid within the ascending and descending limb of the nephron loop.
C)   salts and water across the wall of the renal tubule.
D)   tubular fluid in the proximal convoluted tubule and collecting tubule.E) A) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 12

The countercurrent multiplier is a negative feedback mechanism.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

The paranephric fat is deep to the fibrous capsule of the kidney.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

In the process of urine formation, first

Accepted Answer

A)   filtrate is formed, then tubular fluid, then urine.
B)   tubular fluid is formed, then filtrate, then urine.C) A) and B)
D) undefined

Question 15

The triangular area within the urinary bladder that is delimited by the openings of the ureters and the urethra is called the ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The triangular area within the urinary bladder...

Question 16

Contrast the effects of aldosterone and ADH on water reabsorption in the kidney. How are they similar and how do they differ?

Accepted Answer

Both hormones increase water reabsorptio...

Question 17

Sympathetic stimulation causes

Accepted Answer

A)   mesangial cells to release angiotensin, which ultimately leads to granular cell contraction.
B)   mesangial cells to release angiotensin, which ultimately leads to granular cell relaxation.
C)   granular cells to release renin, which ultimately leads to mesangial cell contraction.
D)   granular cells to release renin, which ultimately leads to mesangial cell relaxation.
E)   inhibited release of erythropoietin and contraction of granular and mesangial cells.F) A) and D)
G) D) and E)

Question 18

The main parts of the juxtaglomerular apparatus are the

Accepted Answer

A)   principal cells and macula densa.
B)   granular cells and macula densa.
C)   granular cells and intercalated cells.
D)   intercalated cells and principal cells.
E)   principal cells and granular cells.F) C) and D)
G) B) and C)

Question 19

An adult human kidney typically contains ________ renal pyramid(s) .

Accepted Answer

A)   2 to 5
B)   8 to 15
C)   16 to 24
D)   1
E)   30 to 40F) B) and D)
G) C) and E)

Question 20

In response to low blood ________, the kidneys secrete ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   calcium; renin
B)   oxygen; erythropoietin
C)   sodium; calcitriol
D)   potassium; erythropoietin
E)   glucose; calcitriolF) A) and D)
G) A) and C)

Exam 24: Urinary System

The paranephric fat is deep to the fibrous capsule of the kidney.

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Increases in the levels of plasma proteins result in increases in net filtration pressure.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Sympathetic nervous system influences on glomerular filtration rate are considered ________ controls.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The tubular pole of the renal corpuscle is where afferent and efferent arterioles attach to the glomerulus.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The capillaries of the glomerulus differ from most other capillary networks in the body because they

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The word "countercurrent" within "countercurrent multiplier" refers to the opposite direction of flow of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The triangular area within the urinary bladder that is delimited by the openings of the ureters and the urethra is called the ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the process of urine formation, first

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The countercurrent multiplier is a system by which the

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An adult human kidney typically contains ________ renal pyramid(s) .

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Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

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Sympathetic stimulation causes

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The main parts of the juxtaglomerular apparatus are the

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Place the regions of the nephron in the correct order for the process of urine formation. A: Capsular space of glomerulus B: Nephron loop C: Collecting duct D: Distal convoluted tubule E: Proximal convoluted tubule

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Granular cells synthesize and release the enzyme

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After the hairpin turn in the vasa recta, the blood within it starts to lose salt and gain water.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Contrast the effects of aldosterone and ADH on water reabsorption in the kidney. How are they similar and how do they differ?

Correct AnswerverifiedBoth hormones increase water reabsorptio...View AnswerShow Answer

The countercurrent multiplier is a negative feedback mechanism.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In response to low blood ________, the kidneys secrete ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The presence of proteins in the plasma tends to

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Both hormones increase water reabsorptio...
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In response to low blood , the kidneys secrete .

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