Question 1

Cells are often ground up with abrasive to get to their internal enzymes/molecules, followed by removal of the abrasives. Here are three situations and three outcomes. What is the correct interpretation of the results? In situation #1, radioactive amino acids are added to cell material, and radioactive proteins are produced. In situation #2, radioactive amino acids, cell material, and the enzyme DNAse (degrades DNA)  are added together. Radioactive proteins are still produced. In situation #3, the ground-up cell material is allowed to sit for 24 hours before radioactive amino acids and DNAse are added to it. No radioactive protein is produced. What is the most likely interpretation?

Accepted Answer

A)   RNA polymerase has no activity after 24 hours, so no mRNA is transcribed and translated into radioactive proteins in the last scenario.
B)   The radioactivity in the amino acids is altering/degrading the tRNA molecules, leading to no protein production in the last scenario.
C)   Natural RNAses present in the ground-up material will degrade any existing mRNAs in that 24-hour interval. Added DNAses break down DNA so that new RNAs are not synthesized. This will lead to a loss of capability to translate protein in the last scenario.
D)   The radioactivity in the amino acids completely disappears within 24 hours. Transcription and translation occur as usual, but there is no radioactivity left in the system, so proteins are untagged.
E)   No conclusions can be made from the information given. More results are needed to interpret these experiments.F) C) and D)
G) B) and E)

Question 2

The regulatory protein

Accepted Answer

A)   binds to the promoter region of DNA.
B)   may inhibit or enhance transcription.
C)   may control translation of the operon.
D)   affects the activity of the DNA polymerase.
E)   binds to the operator region of RNA.F) A) and B)
G) D) and E)

Question 3

The P-site

Accepted Answer

A)   is found on the polymerase enzyme.
B)   is an allosteric site on an enzyme.
C)   is a promoter site on the ribosome.
D)   is the peptidyl site on the ribosome.
E)   is an allosteric site AND is a promoter site.F) A) and B)
G) None of the above

Question 4

Which pair is INCORRECT?

Accepted Answer

A)   Okazaki fragments-generated on the lagging strand during DNA replication.
B)   Splicing-removal of introns from prokaryote mRNA following transcription.
C)   Signal transduction-transmission of information from outside a cell to inside the cell.
D)   Constitutive enzymes-enzymes that are constantly produced by a cell.
E)   Promoter-nucleotide sequence to which RNA polymerase binds to start transcription.F) C) and D)
G) B) and D)

Question 5

The specific sequence of nucleotides in the DNA to which the RNA polymerase binds is the

Accepted Answer

A)   regulatory region.
B)   promoter region.
C)   sigma region.
D)   core region.
E)   starter region.F) A) and B)
G) B) and D)

Question 6

The simultaneous regulation of many bacterial genes is

Accepted Answer

A)   quorum sensing.
B)   a regulon.
C)   local control.
D)   induction.
E)   global control.F) A) and E)
G) B) and E)

Question 7

The lac operon

Accepted Answer

A)   is an example of positive control.
B)   produces lactose.
C)   is an example of a regulon.
D)   is an example of negative control.
E)   is an example of constitutive control.F) B) and E)
G) B) and D)

Question 8

The E-site

Accepted Answer

A)   is found on the RNA polymerase enzyme.
B)   is responsible for the release of the tRNA.
C)   is found on the 35S polysome.
D)   is the aminoacyl site on the ribosome.
E)   is another name for anticodon.F) B) and E)
G) C) and D)

Question 9

The report that genes direct the synthesis of proteins was first made by

Accepted Answer

A)   Lederberg.
B)   Watson and Crick.
C)   Beadle and Tatum.
D)   Mendel.
E)   Curie.F) None of the above
G) A) and C)

Question 10

Post-translational modification may include

Accepted Answer

A)   formation of exons and introns.
B)   folding of the protein, often with the aid of chaperones.
C)   removal of the signal sequence.
D)   addition of glycine tags.
E)   folding of the protein, often with the aid of chaperones, AND removal of the signal sequence.F) D) and E)
G) A) and E)

Question 11

Which is FALSE about the RNA transcript?

Accepted Answer

A)   It is formed using the DNA minus strand as a template.
B)   It has the same 5'-3' orientation as the DNA positive strand.
C)   It is made in short fragments that are then stitched together.
D)   The template starts at the promoter region.
E)   All the answers are false.F) B) and D)
G) A) and B)

Question 12

The genetic code is nearly universal.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

There are ________ codons to code for the 20 possible amino acids.

Accepted Answer

A)   20
B)   30
C)   61
D)   64
E)   3F) A) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 14

A drug that inhibits the activity of bacterial DNA gyrase ________ be a good antibiotic because ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   would; it would inhibit all DNA synthesis
B)   would NOT; it would inhibit all DNA synthesis, even our own cell's DNA synthesis
C)   would; it would selectively inhibit bacterial DNA synthesis due to differences between bacterial/human gyrase
D)   would NOT; the DNA replication machinery could still function, even with impaired DNA gyrase enzyme
E)   would; it would selectively impair bacterial DNA structure thus killing the cellsF) A) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 15

Your sister asks you what the difference is between protein synthesis and translation. You explain to your sister that the process of generating proteins in a cell is called translation because the information for the protein is in the form of ________ but proteins are composed of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   codons; anticodons
B)   anticodons; codons
C)   amino acids; nucleic acids
D)   nucleic acids; amino acids
E)   70S; 80SF) B) and D)
G) A) and B)

Question 16

A codon consists of two nucleotides.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Bacteria use ________ attached to the polymerase to direct RNA polymerase to promoters; eukaryotic cells use ________ that attach directly to the DNA first instead.

Accepted Answer

A)   sigma factors; transcription factors
B)   transcription factors; sigma factors
C)   ribosomes; sigma factors
D)   tRNA; rRNA
E)   sigma factors; tRNAF) A) and C)
G) A) and E)

Question 18

GCCCAAAG is a molecule of

Accepted Answer

A)   RNA.
B)   DNA.
C)   protein.
D)   DNA OR lipid
E)   Cannot tell as written.F) C) and D)
G) D) and E)

Question 19

You remind your patient that information for proteins is encoded in DNA ________. These are copied into ________ in the mRNA.

Accepted Answer

A)   triplets; codons
B)   codons; triplets
C)   nucleotides; codons
D)   codons; anticodons
E)   anticodons; tripletsF) All of the above
G) C) and D)

Question 20

How many nucleotides are in a codon?

Accepted Answer

A)   1
B)   2
C)   3
D)   4
E)   5F) C) and D)
G) A) and E)

Exam 7: The Blueprint of Life, From Dna to Protein

The regulatory protein

Correct Answer
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The lac operon

Correct Answer
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Which pair is INCORRECT?

Correct Answer
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Bacteria use attached to the polymerase to direct RNA polymerase to promoters; eukaryotic cells use that attach directly to the DNA first instead.

Correct Answer
verified

There are ________ codons to code for the 20 possible amino acids.

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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The P-site

Correct Answer
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The simultaneous regulation of many bacterial genes is

Correct Answer
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The E-site

Correct Answer
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How many nucleotides are in a codon?

Correct Answer
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A drug that inhibits the activity of bacterial DNA gyrase be a good antibiotic because .

Correct Answer
verified

The specific sequence of nucleotides in the DNA to which the RNA polymerase binds is the

Correct Answer
verified

GCCCAAAG is a molecule of

Correct Answer
verified

Your sister asks you what the difference is between protein synthesis and translation. You explain to your sister that the process of generating proteins in a cell is called translation because the information for the protein is in the form of but proteins are composed of .

Correct Answer
verified

A codon consists of two nucleotides.

Correct Answer
verified

The report that genes direct the synthesis of proteins was first made by

Correct Answer
verified

You remind your patient that information for proteins is encoded in DNA . These are copied into in the mRNA.

Correct Answer
verified

The genetic code is nearly universal.

Correct Answer
verified

Which is FALSE about the RNA transcript?

Correct Answer
verified

Post-translational modification may include

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 7: The Blueprint of Life, From Dna to Protein

The regulatory protein

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The lac operon

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which pair is INCORRECT?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Bacteria use ________ attached to the polymerase to direct RNA polymerase to promoters; eukaryotic cells use ________ that attach directly to the DNA first instead.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

There are ________ codons to code for the 20 possible amino acids.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The P-site

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The simultaneous regulation of many bacterial genes is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The E-site

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How many nucleotides are in a codon?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A drug that inhibits the activity of bacterial DNA gyrase ________ be a good antibiotic because ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The specific sequence of nucleotides in the DNA to which the RNA polymerase binds is the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

GCCCAAAG is a molecule of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Your sister asks you what the difference is between protein synthesis and translation. You explain to your sister that the process of generating proteins in a cell is called translation because the information for the protein is in the form of ________ but proteins are composed of ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A codon consists of two nucleotides.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The report that genes direct the synthesis of proteins was first made by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

You remind your patient that information for proteins is encoded in DNA ________. These are copied into ________ in the mRNA.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The genetic code is nearly universal.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which is FALSE about the RNA transcript?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Post-translational modification may include

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Bacteria use attached to the polymerase to direct RNA polymerase to promoters; eukaryotic cells use that attach directly to the DNA first instead.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

A drug that inhibits the activity of bacterial DNA gyrase be a good antibiotic because .

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Your sister asks you what the difference is between protein synthesis and translation. You explain to your sister that the process of generating proteins in a cell is called translation because the information for the protein is in the form of but proteins are composed of .

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

You remind your patient that information for proteins is encoded in DNA . These are copied into in the mRNA.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified