Question 1

Which of the following is supported by research on child care in infancy?

Accepted Answer

A)  The rate of insecurity is equal among child-care and non-child-care infants.
B)  U) S.child care is nationally regulated.
C)  Mother-child interaction is more favorable when children attend higher-quality care and spend fewer hours in child care.
D)  Child care alone contributes to attachment insecurity.E) All of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 2

Four-month-old Max is easily upset by new sights and sounds.According to Kagan's research,Max probably has __________ than a social baby when faced with novelty.

Accepted Answer

A)  a higher heart rate and a lower cortisol level
B)  a lower heart rate and a higher cortisol level
C)  a higher heart rate and a higher cortisol level
D)  lower blood pressure and greater pupil dilationE) All of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 3

Effortful control is

Accepted Answer

A)  considered a major dimension of temperament.
B)  present at birth.
C)  unrelated to self-regulation.
D)  an involuntary emotional reaction.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C) A

Question 4

In Erikson's theory,the psychological conflict of basic trust versus mistrust is resolved on the positive side when

Accepted Answer

A)  the balance of care is sympathetic and loving.
B)  toddlers are successfully toilet trained.
C)  hunger is consistently satisfied.
D)  the parents are perfectly in tune with their baby's needs.E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 5

Which of the following is true about paternal depression?

Accepted Answer

A)  Paternal depression is linked to frequent father-child conflict as children grow older.
B)  It rarely has a lasting impact on the infant,unless it persists for more than a year.
C)  Most fathers with depression require long-term treatment for a full recovery.
D)  Early treatment is quite effective for maternal,but not paternal,depression.E) B) and D)
F) None of the above A

Question 6

Research on child care in infancy suggests that

Accepted Answer

A)  infants placed in full-time child care before 12 months of age are more likely than infants who remain at home to display insecure attachment.
B)  full-time,but not part-time,work during the first year is detrimental to attachment security.
C)  long hours spent in child care do not affect attachment quality.
D)  having more than one child-care arrangement decreases the likelihood of attachment insecurity.E) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 7

Professor Novak is interested in assessing the quality of attachment between 1 and 2 years of age.Which of the following laboratory procedures should Professor Novak use?

Accepted Answer

A)  secure base
B)  Attachment Q-Sort
C)  the Strange Situation
D)  an internal working modelE) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 8

Thomas became angry after a playmate took his truck away.How can Thomas's father help him to regulate his emotion?

Accepted Answer

A)  Encourage Thomas to stick up for himself and take the truck back.
B)  Label Thomas's feelings,encourage him to describe his internal state,and offer a comforting hug.
C)  Ignore Thomas's display of negative emotion.
D)  Tell Thomas that he needs to learn how to share his toys.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 9

According to Bowlby,the _____________ becomes a vital part of personality,serving as a guide for all future close relationships.

Accepted Answer

A)  Strange Situation
B)  internal working model
C)  "clear-cut" attachment phase
D)  preattachment phaseE) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 10

During the first few weeks of life,newborns are most likely to smile

Accepted Answer

A)  in response to bright objects jumping suddenly across their field of vision.
B)  when they are full.
C)  in response to seeing a human face.
D)  when they achieve new skills.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 11

In Erikson's theory,the conflict of toddlerhood,_______________,is resolved favorably when parents provide suitable guidance and reasonable choices.

Accepted Answer

A)  basic trust versus mistrust
B)  industry versus inferiority
C)  initiative versus guilt
D)  autonomy versus shame and doubtE) A) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 12

Recent surveys indicate that in dual-earner families,U.S.fathers devote _____ percent as much time as mothers do to children.

Accepted Answer

A)  35
B)  50
C)  70
D)  85E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 13

Heritability research indicates that genes ______________ to shyness and sociability.

Accepted Answer

A)  do not contribute
B)  contribute only modestly
C)  contribute at least half
D)  contribute significantlyE) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 14

Researchers often study the early emergence of self-control by giving children tasks that require

Accepted Answer

A)  a categorical self.
B)  delay of gratification.
C)  problem-solving skills.
D)  empathy.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 15

Chris smiles and laughs when interacting with his mother,but he does not protest when separated from her.Chris is most likely in Bowlby's ____________ phase.

Accepted Answer

A)  preattachment
B)  formation of reciprocal relationship
C)  "clear-cut" attachment
D)  attachment-in-the-makingE) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 16

Basic emotions are

Accepted Answer

A)  most reliably inferred through infants' vocalizations.
B)  universal in humans.
C)  found only among humans.
D)  reflexive.E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 17

In the Strange Situation,Philip seeks closeness to his mother and fails to explore.When his mother leaves,Philip is distressed,and on her return he hits her.Philip is displaying characteristics of __________ attachment.

Accepted Answer

A)  avoidant
B)  secure
C)  disorganized/disoriented
D)  resistantE) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 18

From the first few months,parents encourage infants to

Accepted Answer

A)  develop self-conscious emotions.
B)  express negative emotion.
C)  suppress negative emotion.
D)  soothe themselves when distressed.E) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 19

In Bowlby's "clear-cut" attachment phase,babies display

Accepted Answer

A)  stranger anxiety.
B)  separation anxiety.
C)  social referencing.
D)  goodness of fit.E) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 20

Thomas and Chess's New York Longitudinal Study demonstrated that

Accepted Answer

A)  temperament is unrelated to psychological well-being.
B)  the stability of temperament across childhood is high.
C)  temperament is genetically determined.
D)  temperament can protect a child from the negative effects of a highly stressful home life.E) B) and D)
F) A) and C) D

Exam 6: Emotional and Social Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Which of the following is supported by research on child care in infancy?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Four-month-old Max is easily upset by new sights and sounds.According to Kagan's research,Max probably has __________ than a social baby when faced with novelty.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Effortful control is

Correct AnswerverifiedA

In Erikson's theory,the psychological conflict of basic trust versus mistrust is resolved on the positive side when

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is true about paternal depression?

Correct AnswerverifiedA

Research on child care in infancy suggests that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Professor Novak is interested in assessing the quality of attachment between 1 and 2 years of age.Which of the following laboratory procedures should Professor Novak use?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Thomas became angry after a playmate took his truck away.How can Thomas's father help him to regulate his emotion?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Bowlby,the _____________ becomes a vital part of personality,serving as a guide for all future close relationships.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

During the first few weeks of life,newborns are most likely to smile

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In Erikson's theory,the conflict of toddlerhood,_______________,is resolved favorably when parents provide suitable guidance and reasonable choices.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Recent surveys indicate that in dual-earner families,U.S.fathers devote _____ percent as much time as mothers do to children.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Heritability research indicates that genes ______________ to shyness and sociability.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Researchers often study the early emergence of self-control by giving children tasks that require

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Chris smiles and laughs when interacting with his mother,but he does not protest when separated from her.Chris is most likely in Bowlby's ____________ phase.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Basic emotions are

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the Strange Situation,Philip seeks closeness to his mother and fails to explore.When his mother leaves,Philip is distressed,and on her return he hits her.Philip is displaying characteristics of __________ attachment.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

From the first few months,parents encourage infants to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In Bowlby's "clear-cut" attachment phase,babies display

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Thomas and Chess's New York Longitudinal Study demonstrated that

Correct AnswerverifiedD

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D