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Exam 30: An Introduction to Animals

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Question 21

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Although our current understanding of why coral bleaching occurs is incomplete, which of the following is consistent with the most commonly held hypothesis of this phenomenon as discussed in your text?

A) As the number of planktonic, photosynthetic organisms available decreases due to increased predation, fewer symbionts are available for the corals to associate with.
B) As pollutants and global temperatures continue to rise, corals will have more difficulty manufacturing the photosynthetic pigments they need to produce their own food.
C) As the number of pollutants dumped into the world's oceans increases, more and more corals will use symbionts that are not photosynthetic.
D) As global temperatures continue to rise, corals will expel more of their colourful, photosynthetic symbionts.

E) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

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Question 22

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The text describes four ways, or tactics, of feeding. Which of the following is NOT one of those ways?

A) suspension feeding
B) herbivory feeding
C) deposit feeding
D) food- mass feeding
E) fluid feeding

F) D) and E)
G) B) and D)

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Question 23

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Which one of the following objects most closely resembles the pattern of the tube- within- a- tube body plan?

Comb jellies may not be the most familiar animal to you, but they are critical in the food chain because they make up a significant portion of the planktonic biomass. Their feeding strategy is predatory and involves adhesives or mucous on their tentacles or other body parts. What feeding tactic do these animals use?

If you think of the tube- within- a- tube body plan as a pipe with a straw inside, where would you expect to find most of the ectodermal, mesodermal, and endodermal germ layers, respectively?

Which of the following is true about sponges? Sponges

Which reproductive strategy is facilitated by i.e. is easier to use in) an aquatic habitat, as compared with a terrestrial habitat?

What would an adult animal that possesses bilateral symmetry most likely be?

Suppose you came across a novel organism you suspected belonged to one of the following animal phyla: Porifera, Cnidaria, Ctenophora, or Acoelomorpha. Which of the following characteristics would not be helpful in placing the organism into the correct phylum?

In examining an unknown animal species during its embryonic development, how can you be sure what you are looking at is a protostome and not a deuterostome?

Which tissue type, or organ, is not correctly matched with its germ layer tissue?

If in the future the current molecular evidence regarding animal origins is further substantiated, what will be true of any contrary evidence regarding the origin of animals derived from the fossil record?

Figure 30.2 -Which morphological trait evolved more than once in animals, according to the phylogeny based on DNA sequence data found in Figure 30.2 above?

While looking at some seawater through your microscope, you spot the egg of an unknown animal. Which of the following tests could you not use to determine whether the developing organism is a protostome or a deuterostome?

Use Figure 30.3 and the following information when answering the next question. In a review paper published in 2000, Adoutte et al. examined some animal phylogenies generated by comparing the ribosoma rRNA) of animals from many different phyla. They then integrated these independently created phylogenies into one phylog best fit all the data. Figure 30.4 compares a traditional phylogeny based on morphological characteristics A) to the new molecular- based phylog described by Adoutte et al. B) . Note that platyhelminthes, nemerteans, and entoprocts, which do not have coeloms and are classified as acoelomates in the morphological phylogeny, are reclassified as lophotrochozoans in the molecular phylogeny. Similarly, groups classified as pseudocoelomates in the morphological phylogeny are reclassified as either lophotrochozoans or ecdysozoans in the molecula phylogeny; other lophotrochozoans and ecdysozoans have coeloms. A. Adoutte, G. Balavoine, N. Lartillot, O. Lespinet, B. Prud'homme, and R. de Rosa. 2000. The new animal phylogeny. Figure 30.3 -What does this reclassification based on molecular data imply about the evolution of acoelomates, pseudocoelomates, and coelomates?

Suppose all of the suspension feeders were removed from a lake. What would you expect to happen after a brief period of time?

Bilateral symmetry is advantageous primarily because it allows for the development of

Which feeding tactic is most associated with a large- toothed, predatory carnivore?

Parasitism is one of the most successful life strategies ever to evolve. Which of the following is consistent with this finding?

Limbs-especially jointed limbs-are an important evolutionary development because they allow animals to