Question 1

If the volume of an estuary is 2.1 km3, and the net flow rate of mixed surface water out of the estuary is 7.5 million m3 per day, the flushing time of the estuary is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   1 day
B)   3.5 days
C)   35 days
D)   280 days
E)   350 daysF) B) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 2

If the seawater available to an estuary has a salinity of 30 percent and the seaward-flowing mixed water has a salinity of 20 percent at the estuary entrance, the net volume transport seaward is ________ units per day if the river input is 10 units per day.

Accepted Answer

A)   5
B)   10
C)   20
D)   30
E)   50F) B) and E)
G) A) and C)

Question 3

A low-tide terrace is most likely exposed on a neap tide.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Which of the following coastal engineering structures is built parallel to the shoreline?

Accepted Answer

A)   Jetty
B)   Breakwater
C)   Groin
D)   Seawall
E)   None of these is correct.F) C) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 5

Accumulated lag deposits protect a beach from continuing erosion.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Primary coasts are coasts that have features created by marine processes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

A sea stack is formed from the deposition of sediment.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

The low-tide terrace ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   is the same as the backshore
B)   lies above the surf zone
C)   is found between high- and low-tide levels
D)   is part of the foreshore
E)   is the high and dry part of the beachF) B) and C)
G) C) and D)

Question 9

At present, sea level is decreasing around the world's coasts.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Which type of estuary is characterized by the least variation in salinity with depth at any given point along its axis?

Accepted Answer

A)   a partially mixed estuary
B)   a salt wedge estuary
C)   a fjord
D)   a well-mixed estuary
E)   None of these is correct; it is impossible to tell from the information given.F) B) and E)
G) A) and C)

Question 11

A scarp is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   an underwater sandbar
B)   an abrupt change in beach slope
C)   a beach fault line
D)   the high-water mark on a beach
E)   another name for a bermF) A) and D)
G) A) and C)

Question 12

The salt wedge in a river estuary is steeper and more sharply defined during ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   ebb tides
B)   flood tides
C)   low water
D)   high water
E)   slack waterF) C) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 13

A drowned river valley is also known as a ________ coast.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A drowned river valley is also known...

Question 14

An estuary with strong tidal mixing and low river input is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   a fjord
B)   partially mixed
C)   well mixed
D)   a salt wedge
E)   All of these are correct.F) A) and D)
G) A) and C)

Question 15

The higher berm found on a beach is formed ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   when large waves occur at low tide
B)   during winter storm conditions
C)   from the slumping of cliffs in the backshore
D)   during periods of low-energy waves in the summer
E)   when neap tides occur during the spring and summerF) C) and D)
G) B) and C)

Question 16

An abrupt change in the beach slope caused by the cutting action of waves at normal high tide is known as a beach ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of An abrupt change in the beach slope...

Question 17

The net seaward flow of water in a partially mixed estuary is nearly uniform over depth.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Calculations of flushing times assume that none of the outflowing water is recycled into the estuary. If this assumption is not correct, the actual flushing time is ________ the calculated flushing time.

Accepted Answer

A)   less than
B)   greater than
C)   the same as
D)   not related to
E)   None of these is correct.F) A) and E)
G) B) and E)

Question 19

A coast made regular and linear by wave erosion is a secondary coast.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

In an estuary, To is always larger than Ti.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 10: Coasts, Beaches, and Estuaries

The higher berm found on a beach is formed ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In an estuary, To is always larger than Ti.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An estuary with strong tidal mixing and low river input is ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A scarp is ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A coast made regular and linear by wave erosion is a secondary coast.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which type of estuary is characterized by the least variation in salinity with depth at any given point along its axis?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If the volume of an estuary is 2.1 km3, and the net flow rate of mixed surface water out of the estuary is 7.5 million m3 per day, the flushing time of the estuary is ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The low-tide terrace ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Primary coasts are coasts that have features created by marine processes.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following coastal engineering structures is built parallel to the shoreline?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If the seawater available to an estuary has a salinity of 30 percent and the seaward-flowing mixed water has a salinity of 20 percent at the estuary entrance, the net volume transport seaward is ________ units per day if the river input is 10 units per day.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The salt wedge in a river estuary is steeper and more sharply defined during ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A low-tide terrace is most likely exposed on a neap tide.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The net seaward flow of water in a partially mixed estuary is nearly uniform over depth.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Accumulated lag deposits protect a beach from continuing erosion.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A drowned river valley is also known as a ________ coast.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Calculations of flushing times assume that none of the outflowing water is recycled into the estuary. If this assumption is not correct, the actual flushing time is ________ the calculated flushing time.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An abrupt change in the beach slope caused by the cutting action of waves at normal high tide is known as a beach ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A sea stack is formed from the deposition of sediment.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

At present, sea level is decreasing around the world's coasts.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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In an estuary, T_o is always larger than T_i.

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If the volume of an estuary is 2.1 km³, and the net flow rate of mixed surface water out of the estuary is 7.5 million m³ per day, the flushing time of the estuary is ________.

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