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Exam 2: Plate Tectonics: a Scientific Revolution Unfolds

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Question 41

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Even before the proposal of continental drift, paleontologists recognized that some sort of land connection was needed to account for the identical fossil organisms found on multiple continents.Select the correct hypothesis or hypotheses these paleontologists developed.

A) Sea level falling
B) A chain of island stepping stones
C) Floating debris used as rafts and sea level rising
D) A transoceanic land bridge
E) Island stepping stones, transoceanic land bridge, and floating debris used for rafts

F) All of the above
G) A) and D)

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Question 42

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A convergent boundary is usually associated with which physical features?

A) Rift valleys
B) Volcanic arcs
C) Horizontally displaced rocks
D) Submarine trenches
E) Volcanic arcs and submarine trenches

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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Question 43

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Which factor contributes the most toward plate motion at a convergent boundary?

When continental drift was first proposed in 1912, geologists from one specific continent strongly opposed the idea.Which continent's geologists were against the idea, and why did they have difficulty accepting it? (Think about where the evidence for continental drift is very clear.)

Although the jigsaw-puzzle fit of the southern continents was noted, opponents of continental drift argued that, even if continental displacement had occurred, a good fit between the continents today would be unlikely.What geologic evidence did they cite to support this claim?

Which two aspects of continental drift were most objectionable to scientists of the early twentieth century? Why?

The lithosphere is composed of the ________ and the rigid part of the ________.

Along which tectonic boundary is ridge push going to be most important in helping to drive plate motion?

Which type of convergence will result in a continental volcanic arc?

The magnetic poles roughly correspond to the locations of the geographic poles.

________ is the name of the process by which new seafloor is generated at mid-ocean ridges.

Which of the following is not one of the major tectonic plates on the Earth's surface?

Scientific research supports the existence of Alfred Wegener's proposed supercontinent, Pangaea, approximately 300 million years ago.Pangaea subsequently broke apart, and the pieces-our modern continents-migrated to the positions they occupy today.Based on your knowledge of the mechanics of tectonic motion, do you think there is a likelihood of another supercontinent forming? If so, where?

Which scientist developed the idea of continental drift?

The Hawaiian mantle plume has left a chain of volcanic islands and seamounts stretching back for ~70 million years.Although the mantle plume has remained relatively stationary, the Pacific plate above it has moved.Use the figure to answer the following question. What direction was the Pacific plate moving between 65 and 43 million years ago?

When the continents were assembled and mountain ranges were matched up, mountains in Scandinavia and the British Isles matched up perfectly with which North American mountain range?

Where is the top of the asthenosphere closest to Earth's surface?