Question 1

Which of the following correctly explains the relationship between number of bird species and the area of islands in the West Indies?

Accepted Answer

A)  Smaller islands support the fewest number of bird species.
B)  Larger islands support the fewest number of bird species.
C)  Intermediate sized islands support the greatest number of bird species.
D)  Intermediate sized islands support the fewest number of bird species.
E)  Island area has no affect on the number of bird species.F) A) and B)
G) A) and E)

Question 2

Temperate tree diversity is higher in Europe than in North America,because North American trees have been subject to many more glacial extinctions.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

In the American Southwest,forest habitats

Accepted Answer

A)  currently extend unbroken between mountaintops over thousands of km.
B)  have never extended unbroken between mountaintops.
C)  last extended unbroken between mountaintops in the Cretaceous.
D)  last extended unbroken between mountaintops in the Permian.
E)  last extended unbroken between mountaintops in the Pleistocene.F) A) and E)
G) C) and D)

Question 4

The "time since perturbation" hypothesis proposes that,compared to temperate and polar regions,the tropics are

Accepted Answer

A)  more diverse because humans have not yet had much impact there.
B)  more diverse because they are disturbed more severely by cooling during glaciations.
C)  less diverse because they are disturbed more severely by cooling during glaciations.
D)  more diverse because they are less heterogeneous in habitat.
E)  more diverse because they are disturbed less frequently.F) C) and D)
G) B) and E)

Question 5

The equilibrium model of island biogeography predicts that,once equilibrium is reached,an island will be occupied

Accepted Answer

A)  by an unchanging set of species as extinctions and immigrations stop.
B)  by an unchanging number of species,but extinctions and immigrations will continue.
C)  by a steadily increasing number of species.
D)  by a steadily decreasing number of species.
E)  only by species that evolved on that island.F) A) and D)
G) A) and C)

Question 6

The negative correlation between foliage height diversity and bird species diversity in South American beech forests is attributed to

Accepted Answer

A)  small area.
B)  isolation.
C)  cold temperatures.
D)  both small area and cold temperatures.
E)  both small area and isolation.F) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 7

MacArthur and Wilson found as distance from New Guinea _______ the number of bird species on Pacific Islands ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  increases,decreases
B)  increases,increases
C)  decreases,decreases
D)  increases,remains constant
E)  Distance from New Guinea has no affect on the number of bird species.F) A) and C)
G) D) and E) A

Question 8

The scientific exploration of the New World by Alexander van Humboldt and Aimé Bonpland

Accepted Answer

A)  was limited to several coastal sites in modern day Ecuador.
B)  was limited to low elevation sites along the western coast of modern day Mexico.
C)  recorded altitudinal distributions of plants and animals.
D)  reached elevations as high as 3,000 m on the slopes of Chimborazo.
E)  both covered latitudes ranging from 12  °\degree° S to 52  °\degree° N and reached elevations as high as 3,000 m on the slopes of Chimborazo. F) C) and D)
G) A) and E) C

Question 9

Ferns often maintain high diversity even on very isolated islands.This is because

Accepted Answer

A)  ferns are often planted deliberately by human colonists.
B)  ferns are often introduced accidentally by human colonists.
C)  ferns are easily dispersed by light wind-blown spores.
D)  ferns are easily dispersed because birds carry their seeds.
E)  new fern species most often evolve on isolated islands.F) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 10

Which of the following is not a hypothesis proposed by ecologists to explain increased species diversity in the tropics?

Accepted Answer

A)  increased time since perturbation in the tropics over temperate regions
B)  increased productivity in the tropics over temperate regions
C)  increased environmental homogeneity in the tropics over temperate regions
D)  increased favorable environments in the tropics over temperate regions
E)  increased speciation rates and decreased extinction rates in the tropics over temperate regionsF) A) and B)
G) C) and D)

Question 11

MacArthur and Wilson hypothesized that larger islands would experience more extinction events because more species present means

Accepted Answer

A)  more chances for extinctions.
B)  more likelihood of competitive exclusion.
C)  smaller population size of each.
D)  All of the choices are correct.
E)  Only more chances for extinctions and smaller population size of each.F) A) and B)
G) D) and E)

Question 12

The network of satellites allowing a handheld receiver to determine latitude,longitude,and altitude is known as a ______________.

Accepted Answer

global positioning system

Question 13

The equilibrium model of island biogeography explains diversity on islands as a balance between

Accepted Answer

A)  speciation and extinction.
B)  immigration and extinction.
C)  speciation and emigration.
D)  immigration and emigration.
E)  speciation and immigration.F) B) and C)
G) A) and E)

Question 14

Computer software programs for storing,analyzing,and displaying geographically-structured data are known as _______________.

Accepted Answer

geographic...

Question 15

Mean annual temperature

Accepted Answer

A)  is highest at the equator but decreases steadily above 10  °\degree°  latitude on either side of the equator.
B)  is highest at the equator but decreases exponentially above 10  °\degree°  latitude on either side of the equator.
C)  is highest at the equator but decreases exponentially above 50  °\degree°  latitude on either side of the equator.
D)  is highest at the equator but decreases linearly above 25  °\degree°  latitude on either side of the equator.
E)  is highest at the equator but decreases exponentially above 25  °\degree°  latitude on either side of the equator. F) A) and C)
G) A) and E)

Question 16

Diversity tends to increase with productivity,both in surveys across habitats and in experimental manipulations within habitats.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

The equilibrium model of island biogeography predicts

Accepted Answer

A)  the rate of extinction is greater for small islands.
B)  the rate of extinction is greater for large islands.
C)  the rate of immigration is greater for near islands.
D)  the rate of immigration is greater for far islands.
E)  both the rate of extinction is greater for small islands and the rate of immigration is greater for near islands.F) A) and B)
G) B) and D)

Question 18

Remote sensing of chlorophyll a concentrations in the Earth's oceans has revealed that marine plankton biomass is

Accepted Answer

A)  nearly homogenous over huge expanses of ocean.
B)  highest in the open ocean.
C)  highest in the warmest waters.
D)  highest in the deepest waters.
E)  highest in cooler,upwelling areas near shore.F) A) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 19

In the equilibrium model of island biogeography,the immigration rate to an island is assumed to depend mainly on

Accepted Answer

A)  distance from sources of migrants.
B)  island size.
C)  extinction rate.
D)  extent of introductions by human colonists.
E)  existence or lack of a climax community.F) C) and D)
G) B) and E)

Question 20

Birds on oceanic islands have highest diversity on

Accepted Answer

A)  large islands close to the mainland.
B)  large islands far from the mainland.
C)  small islands close to the mainland.
D)  small islands far from the mainland.
E)  small islands of recent geologic origin.F) B) and E)
G) D) and E)

Exam 22: Geographic Ecology

Which of the following correctly explains the relationship between number of bird species and the area of islands in the West Indies?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Temperate tree diversity is higher in Europe than in North America,because North American trees have been subject to many more glacial extinctions.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the American Southwest,forest habitats

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The "time since perturbation" hypothesis proposes that,compared to temperate and polar regions,the tropics are

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The equilibrium model of island biogeography predicts that,once equilibrium is reached,an island will be occupied

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The negative correlation between foliage height diversity and bird species diversity in South American beech forests is attributed to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

MacArthur and Wilson found as distance from New Guinea _______ the number of bird species on Pacific Islands ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedA

The scientific exploration of the New World by Alexander van Humboldt and Aimé Bonpland

Correct AnswerverifiedC

Ferns often maintain high diversity even on very isolated islands.This is because

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is not a hypothesis proposed by ecologists to explain increased species diversity in the tropics?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

MacArthur and Wilson hypothesized that larger islands would experience more extinction events because more species present means

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The network of satellites allowing a handheld receiver to determine latitude,longitude,and altitude is known as a ______________.

Correct Answerverifiedglobal positioning system

The equilibrium model of island biogeography explains diversity on islands as a balance between

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Computer software programs for storing,analyzing,and displaying geographically-structured data are known as _______________.

Correct Answerverifiedgeographic...View AnswerShow Answer

Mean annual temperature

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Diversity tends to increase with productivity,both in surveys across habitats and in experimental manipulations within habitats.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The equilibrium model of island biogeography predicts

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Remote sensing of chlorophyll a concentrations in the Earth's oceans has revealed that marine plankton biomass is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the equilibrium model of island biogeography,the immigration rate to an island is assumed to depend mainly on

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Birds on oceanic islands have highest diversity on

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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MacArthur and Wilson found as distance from New Guinea _ the number of bird species on Pacific Islands __.

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A

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C

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global positioning system

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geographic...
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