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A key difference between transforming plant cells and human cells is


A) genes to be expressed in human cells require a eukaryotic promoter,and genes to be expressed in plants don't.
B) DNA cannot be introduced into human cells.
C) Agrobacterium is commonly used as a tool to directly transform plant cells but not human cells.
D) a vector is needed to introduce DNA into human cells and not plant cells.

E) All of the above
F) A) and D)

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You want to insert your favorite gene,which has been digested with Ncol endonuclease on both ends,into a vector.Ncol recognizes the DNA sequence C*CATGG.The vector you want to use contains many endonuclease recognition sites,but does not include an Ncol site.Which restriction endonuclease would be the most suitable replacement to digest the vector?


A) Sphl - G*CATGC
B) Sunl - C*GTACG
C) Kpnl - GGTAC*C
D) CViAll - C*ATG

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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The ________ from Agrobacterium tumefaciens is used in genetic engineering involving crop plant genes.


A) restriction endonucleases
B) DNA
C) Ti vector
D) Ti plasmid

E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

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D

The PCR technique requires a DNA polymerase from an organism that can endure high heat,such as Thermus aquaticus.What step of the protocol makes the heat-stability most necessary?


A) Synthesis
B) Primer annealing
C) Denaturation
D) Antibody binding

E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

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A 6.85 kb EcoRI fragment of DNA is shown below.The location of several restriction sites is indicated.Scale is approximate. A 6.85 kb EcoRI fragment of DNA is shown below.The location of several restriction sites is indicated.Scale is approximate.   A) 803 B) 2622 C) 3425 D) 235


A) 803
B) 2622
C) 3425
D) 235

E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

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A commercially significant human protein now produced in bacteria is


A) hemoglobin.
B) gamma globulins.
C) AZT.
D) human insulin.
E) HIV vaccine.

F) A) and C)
G) None of the above

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A 6.85 kb EcoRI fragment of DNA is shown below.The location of several restriction sites is indicated.Scale is approximate. A 6.85 kb EcoRI fragment of DNA is shown below.The location of several restriction sites is indicated.Scale is approximate.   A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4


A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4

E) C) and D)
F) None of the above

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You are the scientific consultant for a television show about forensic analysis.In an upcoming episode,investigators will compare the DNA of a suspect and a DNA sample collected from the victim's fingernails.You are to write up a brief explanation of the technique required for comparing the DNA.Which technique should you explain?


A) DNA fingerprinting
B) Fluorescent in situ hybridization
C) RNAi
D) RT-PCR

E) B) and D)
F) All of the above

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Single-stranded complementary tails that are produced by restriction digestion are called ________ ends.


A) sticky
B) orphaned
C) vectors
D) 5'

E) C) and D)
F) All of the above

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Investigators have found a new species bacteria that lives under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions.They hypothesize that different genes are expressed in each condition.What experiment could test this hypothesis and identify important genes?


A) Completely sequence the genome of the bacteria in both aerobic and anaerobic conditions
B) Collect mRNA from both anaerobic and aerobic conditions and generate two cDNA libraries
C) Measure levels of RNA Polymerase in both conditions
D) Design primers to a specific region of the genome and sequence this region during both anaerobic and aerobic conditions

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

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Prior to using PCR to introduce mutations into DNA in vitro,what was a common method of mutagenesis used by scientists?


A) Self-fertilization of plants or inbreeding of animal models
B) Chemicals to induce mutations
C) Physical manipulation of DNA (e.g.vortexing)
D) Using only old parents to set crosses in plants and animals

E) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

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A medical researcher is trying to develop a diagnostic technique for a disease which is characterized by replication of a particular chromosomal region.What would be the most appropriate technique?


A) FISH
B) Gene chip
C) Genome sequencing
D) White blood cell count

E) C) and D)
F) None of the above

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Single-stranded ends generated by the same restriction enzyme are complementary to each other.They can be joined together


A) even when the source of the DNA is different.
B) only when the source of the DNA is the same.
C) but the "sticky ends" will most likely have to be modified.
D) but the hybridization of the two ends may cause a problem with cloning.
E) only if the subunits have been methylated.

F) None of the above
G) B) and D)

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Small circular,extrachromosomal DNA segments are known as ________.


A) vectors
B) plasmids
C) clones
D) RNA

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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B

Imagine that a very unusual animal species had the ability to make its own aromatic amino acids using a 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate (EPSP) synthase enzyme similar to that of plants.What would happen if this animal foraged in a field of glyphosate-resistant plants?


A) No effect
B) They would become sick from the glyphosate that was sprayed on the plants
C) They would also become glyphosate-resistant
D) They would no longer need to make their own aromatic amino acids

E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

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All of the following involve molecular biology techniques except


A) ligating DNA fragments together.
B) using restriction enzymes to cut specific sequences of DNA.
C) using a DNA polymerase to copy DNA via PCR.
D) creation of Okazaki fragments.

E) B) and D)
F) C) and D)

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The most recent techniques developed in the biological sciences allow the manipulation of DNA with the ultimate goal of intervening directly with the ________ fate of organisms.


A) genetic
B) developmental
C) adult
D) mitotic

E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

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An immunoassay was developed to rapidly diagnose patients infected with an emerging virus.However,the researchers discovered that some individuals were producing false negatives when tested,despite being infected with the virus.What might explain this?


A) Rapid evolution of the viral antigen
B) Changes in the length of the viral DNA
C) Number of genome copies carried in each virion
D) Changes in the antibody produced by the virus

E) A) and B)
F) A) and D)

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A certain wastewater treatment plant uses aerobic bacteria,anaerobic bacteria,and archaebacteria during secondary treatment of sewage.Unfortunately,during a bad blizzard the aerated tanks froze,killing the microbes inside.What is likely to result?


A) Floc levels will diminish.
B) Methane production will go down.
C) Solid material will not be effectively filtered out.
D) Floc will not be effectively filtered out.

E) A) and D)
F) B) and D)

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A

Which components are required in plasmids? (check all that apply)


A) A selectable marker,usually antibiotic resistance
B) A bacterial artificial chromosome
C) One or more unique restriction sites where foreign DNA can be added
D) An origin of replication to allow it to replicate in E.coli independently of the host chromosome

E) B) and D)
F) A) and C)

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