Question 1

Empiricism means scientists draw conclusions based on reasoning and logical inference.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT listed in the textbook as an effective study technique?

Accepted Answer

A)   Set up a schedule for studying.
B)   Study in a place where distractions are minimal.
C)   Concentrate your study time immediately before an exam.
D)   Break major assignments down into smaller component tasks.E) A) and B)
F) A) and D)

Question 3

During the last few decades people have become more aware of the sexual abuse of children by adults, and psychologists have devoted more research attention to the long-term effects of childhood sexual abuse. These observations BEST reflect which unifying theme in psychology?

Accepted Answer

A)   psychology evolves in a sociohistorical context
B)   behavior is determined by multiple causes
C)   psychology is theoretically diverse
D)   people's experience of the world is highly subjectiveE) B) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 4

In the 1920s, there were many fundamental disputes between competing schools of thought in psychology. These disputes illustrate which of the textbook's unifying themes?

Accepted Answer

A)   Psychology is empirical.
B)   Psychology evolves in a sociohistorical context.
C)   Psychology is theoretically diverse.
D)   Our experience of the world is highly subjective.E) None of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 5

According to Wilhelm Wundt, psychology's primary focus should be the scientific study of mental processes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

The systematic use of rewards in developing effective study habits is MOST consistent with

Accepted Answer

A)   humanism.
B)   behaviorism.
C)   functionalism.
D)   structuralism.E) B) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 7

Which point of view emphasizes the adaptive (survival or reproductive)  value of behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)   structuralism
B)   humanistic psychology
C)   evolutionary psychology
D)   existential psychologyE) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 8

Empiricism means that knowledge should be acquired through

Accepted Answer

A)   logical reasoning.
B)   common sense.
C)   historical tradition.
D)   direct observation.E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 9

That people sometimes see what they either "want to see" or "expect to see" BEST reflects the text's unifying theme of

Accepted Answer

A)   heredity and environment jointly influence behavior.
B)   behavior is shaped by cultural heritage.
C)   people's experience of the world is empirical.
D)   people's experience of the world is highly subjective.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 10

Wilhelm Wundt established the first American psychological research laboratory at John Hopkins University.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Sigmund Freud maintained that seemingly meaningless slips of the tongue often reveal people's true feelings.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Researchers in psychology have "to see it to believe it." This orientation is MOST consistent with

Accepted Answer

A)   empiricism.
B)   structuralism.
C)   functionalism.
D)   humanism.E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 13

Contemporary psychologists generally tend to recognize that people's experience of the world is objective and they usually see exactly what happened.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Which of the following explanations is MOST likely to be used by an evolutionary psychologist to explain gender differences in spatial abilities?

Accepted Answer

A)   The principles of natural selection tend to operate differently in males and females.
B)   Through evolution, males were classically conditioned to develop certain kinds of spatial abilities.
C)   When they are young, males are more likely than females to be encouraged to engage in spatially-oriented activities.
D)   Division of labor between the sexes in hunting and gathering societies created different adaptive pressures for males and females.E) All of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 15

According to research findings, which of the following has been found to be associated with higher grades?

Accepted Answer

A)   not changing answers on tests
B)   attending class regularly
C)   writing down everything your instructor says
D)   putting off studying until just before an examE) B) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 16

Until the 1950s and 1960s, the dominance of behaviorism discouraged the study of mental processes in psychology.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

The test suggests that when taking an essay test that it is usually a good idea to first answer the questions that

Accepted Answer

A)   are listed first on the exam.
B)   are worth the most points.
C)   you know best.
D)   concern material that was most recently discussed in class.E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 18

Which of the following is an example of the affective component of critical thinking?

Accepted Answer

A)   As Doug reads a newspaper article, he asks himself if there is an alternative explanation for the information presented in the article.
B)   Doug passively reads the newspaper and accepts the conclusions printed.
C)   When faced with a problem Doug generates a single solution and sticks with it.
D)   Doug is able to distinguish facts from opinions.E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 19

Which of the following conclusions is supported by research comparing "successful" to "unsuccessful" students?

Accepted Answer

A)   Successful students and unsuccessful students attended class equally often.
B)   Paradoxically, successful students attended class less often than unsuccessful students.
C)   Successful students attended class more often than unsuccessful students.
D)   Successful students used an instructor's office hours more than unsuccessful students.E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Question 20

The text's unifying theme that "psychology is theoretically diverse" implies that

Accepted Answer

A)   psychology has not, as yet, focused on empirical observations.
B)   there are often several ways to interpret a set of observations.
C)   psychology focuses on unrelated observations.
D)   psychology is failing in the goal of being a science.E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Exam 2: The Evolution of Psychology Part 2

Which of the following is NOT listed in the textbook as an effective study technique?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Wilhelm Wundt established the first American psychological research laboratory at John Hopkins University.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

During the last few decades people have become more aware of the sexual abuse of children by adults, and psychologists have devoted more research attention to the long-term effects of childhood sexual abuse. These observations BEST reflect which unifying theme in psychology?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the 1920s, there were many fundamental disputes between competing schools of thought in psychology. These disputes illustrate which of the textbook's unifying themes?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The test suggests that when taking an essay test that it is usually a good idea to first answer the questions that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following explanations is MOST likely to be used by an evolutionary psychologist to explain gender differences in spatial abilities?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following conclusions is supported by research comparing "successful" to "unsuccessful" students?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which point of view emphasizes the adaptive (survival or reproductive) value of behavior?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Wilhelm Wundt, psychology's primary focus should be the scientific study of mental processes.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

That people sometimes see what they either "want to see" or "expect to see" BEST reflects the text's unifying theme of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The text's unifying theme that "psychology is theoretically diverse" implies that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Until the 1950s and 1960s, the dominance of behaviorism discouraged the study of mental processes in psychology.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Empiricism means scientists draw conclusions based on reasoning and logical inference.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Researchers in psychology have "to see it to believe it." This orientation is MOST consistent with

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Contemporary psychologists generally tend to recognize that people's experience of the world is objective and they usually see exactly what happened.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The systematic use of rewards in developing effective study habits is MOST consistent with

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Sigmund Freud maintained that seemingly meaningless slips of the tongue often reveal people's true feelings.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Empiricism means that knowledge should be acquired through

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to research findings, which of the following has been found to be associated with higher grades?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is an example of the affective component of critical thinking?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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