Question 1

Personality factors are best described as

Accepted Answer

A)   clusters of behavior tendencies that occur together.
B)   a hierarchy of needs.
C)   internalized standards of judgment.
D)   empirically derived tests.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 2

Which theorist emphasized that an individual's personal growth is promoted by interactions with others who are genuine,accepting,and empathic?

Accepted Answer

A)   Gordon Allport
B)   Carl Rogers
C)   Abraham Maslow
D)   Hans EysenckE) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 3

Janet attributes her good grade on a difficult algebra test to her high level of mathematical skills.This most clearly indicates that she experiences a high level of

Accepted Answer

A)   self-efficacy.
B)   narcissism.
C)   reciprocal determinism.
D)   unconditional positive regard.E) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 4

Melissa is unconsciously fearful that her husband is a better cook than she is.Recently,she refused his offer to prepare dinner because,said she,"You could better spend the time playing with your kids." Melissa's comment best illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)   projection.
B)   rationalization.
C)   displacement.
D)   reaction formation.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 5

Abdul mistakenly believes that his classmates are unusually hostile.In fact,Abdul is the most quarrelsome and aggressive child in the school.According to psychoanalytic theory,Abdul's belief that his classmates are hostile is a

Accepted Answer

A)   regression.
B)   projection.
C)   denial.
D)   reaction formation.E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 6

Although Alex has frequently been caught stealing money and other valuables from friends as well as strangers,he does not feel guilty or remorseful about robbing these people.According to Freud,Alex most clearly demonstrates

Accepted Answer

A)   an inferiority complex.
B)   free association.
C)   a weak superego.
D)   the reality principle.E) B) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 7

Overestimating the extent to which others notice and evaluate our appearance and performance is called

Accepted Answer

A)   reciprocal determinism.
B)   self-serving bias.
C)   the spotlight effect.
D)   a fixation.E) A) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 8

Kyle was so overly confident about his mathematical skills that he failed to study thoroughly enough for his final math test to get a passing course grade.Kyle's experience best illustrates the dangers of

Accepted Answer

A)   low self-efficacy.
B)   unconditional positive regard.
C)   the spotlight effect.
D)   unrealistic optimism.E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 9

Your score on an extraversion test does not neatly predict how sociable you will be on any given occasion.This observation is most clearly highlighted by ________ theories.

Accepted Answer

A)   psychoanalytic
B)   social-cognitive
C)   trait
D)   humanisticE) A) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 10

Which instrument has been used for counseling and work-team development to help identify individuals' personality types?

Accepted Answer

A)   the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire
B)   the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory
C)   the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator
D)   the Person-Situation QuestionnaireE) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 11

Individuals with high self-esteem are more likely than those with low self-esteem to

Accepted Answer

A)   work persistently at difficult tasks.
B)   experience the spotlight effect.
C)   dismiss flattering descriptions of themselves as untrue.
D)   underestimate the accuracy of their own beliefs.E) All of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 12

Which of the following is a basic personality factor assessed by the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire?

Accepted Answer

A)   thinking-feeling
B)   real self-ideal self
C)   extraversion-introversion
D)   sensation-intuitionE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 13

Two-year-old Damien frequently refuses to obey his parents because he derives immense pleasure from demonstrating his independence from their control.Freud would have suggested that Damien is going through the ________ stage of development.

Accepted Answer

A)   phallic
B)   anal
C)   latency
D)   oralE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 14

Which neo-Freudian theorist emphasized the influence of the collective unconscious in personality development?

Accepted Answer

A)   Carl Jung
B)   Alfred Adler
C)   Karen Horney
D)   Henry MurrayE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 15

Contemporary psychodynamic theorists are most likely to disagree with Freud's assumption that

Accepted Answer

A)   much of our mental functioning is unconscious.
B)   people often struggle with conflicting wishes.
C)   childhood experiences influence our adulthood relationships.
D)   sexual drives are central to personality development.E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 16

Who emphasized that slips of the tongue often reveal the personality dynamics that contribute to psychological disorders?

Accepted Answer

A)   Adler
B)   Freud
C)   Jung
D)   HorneyE) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 17

Which basic trait is associated with a tendency to seek low levels of environmental stimulation?

Accepted Answer

A)   narcissism
B)   introversion
C)   agreeableness
D)   conscientiousnessE) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 18

An individual's characteristic pattern of thinking,feeling,and acting is his or her

Accepted Answer

A)   self-esteem.
B)   personality.
C)   reality principle.
D)   defense mechanism.E) A) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 19

People who score high on the Big Five trait dimension of ________ tend to use more adjectives in their e-mail communications.

Accepted Answer

A)   neuroticism
B)   conscientiousness
C)   agreeableness
D)   extraversionE) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 20

Maslow studied healthy creative people to investigate

Accepted Answer

A)   self-actualization.
B)   extraversion.
C)   the person-situation controversy.
D)   unconditional positive regard.E) None of the above
F) All of the above

Exam 15: Personality

Which of the following is a basic personality factor assessed by the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Janet attributes her good grade on a difficult algebra test to her high level of mathematical skills.This most clearly indicates that she experiences a high level of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Who emphasized that slips of the tongue often reveal the personality dynamics that contribute to psychological disorders?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Overestimating the extent to which others notice and evaluate our appearance and performance is called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An individual's characteristic pattern of thinking,feeling,and acting is his or her

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Melissa is unconsciously fearful that her husband is a better cook than she is.Recently,she refused his offer to prepare dinner because,said she,"You could better spend the time playing with your kids." Melissa's comment best illustrates

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Individuals with high self-esteem are more likely than those with low self-esteem to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which basic trait is associated with a tendency to seek low levels of environmental stimulation?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Maslow studied healthy creative people to investigate

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Although Alex has frequently been caught stealing money and other valuables from friends as well as strangers,he does not feel guilty or remorseful about robbing these people.According to Freud,Alex most clearly demonstrates

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Your score on an extraversion test does not neatly predict how sociable you will be on any given occasion.This observation is most clearly highlighted by ________ theories.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Contemporary psychodynamic theorists are most likely to disagree with Freud's assumption that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which instrument has been used for counseling and work-team development to help identify individuals' personality types?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

People who score high on the Big Five trait dimension of ________ tend to use more adjectives in their e-mail communications.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Personality factors are best described as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Two-year-old Damien frequently refuses to obey his parents because he derives immense pleasure from demonstrating his independence from their control.Freud would have suggested that Damien is going through the ________ stage of development.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Abdul mistakenly believes that his classmates are unusually hostile.In fact,Abdul is the most quarrelsome and aggressive child in the school.According to psychoanalytic theory,Abdul's belief that his classmates are hostile is a

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which theorist emphasized that an individual's personal growth is promoted by interactions with others who are genuine,accepting,and empathic?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Kyle was so overly confident about his mathematical skills that he failed to study thoroughly enough for his final math test to get a passing course grade.Kyle's experience best illustrates the dangers of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which neo-Freudian theorist emphasized the influence of the collective unconscious in personality development?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified