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Because unlike charges attract one another, the negative charge at the bottom of the cloud causes a region of the ground beneath it to become ____________________ charged.​

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____________________ is a discharge of electricity, a giant spark, which usually occurs in mature thunderstorms.​

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Ordinary thunderstorms only last about one hour and begin to dissipate when​


A) ​lightning neutralizes all the electrical charge in the cloud.
B) ​when all the precipitation particles in the cloud turn to ice.
C) ​when the downdraft spreads throughout the cloud and cuts off the updraft.
D) ​when solar heating at the ground begins to decrease.
E) ​when clouds scatter due to the microbursts within the storm system.

F) C) and E)
G) A) and D)

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In the valleys of central and southern California, dry, sinking air produces an inversion that inhibits the development of towering cumulus clouds during the summer. Hence, in these regions, thunderstorms are most frequent in winter and spring, particularly when cold, moist, conditionally unstable air aloft moves over moist, mild surface air.​

A) True
B) False

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A small thunderstorm cloud with virga falling out of its base and blowing dust at the ground could warn of a severe hazard to an airplane because​


A) ​this could be the first indication of a tornado.
B) ​it is likely that hail will soon begin to fall.
C) ​this could indicate an intense downdraft or microburst.
D) ​the airplane could be struck by lightning.
E) ​a hurricane is close by.

F) None of the above
G) A) and E)

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Explain why ordinary cell thunderstorms tend to dissipate much sooner than multicell storms.​

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Unlike the ordinary thunderstorm which w...

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In what ways are multicell thunderstorms different from ordinary thunderstorms? What are some of the meteorological or atmospheric conditions that favor the development of multicell thunderstorms?​​

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Thunderstorms that contain a number of c...

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Thunderstorms are a common phenomenon in areas dominated by subtropical highs.​

A) True
B) False

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What is a squall line? Where would you expect squall lines to form?​

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Multicell thunderstorms may form as a li...

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Scientists understand with certainty how clouds are electrified.​

A) True
B) False

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Where do thunderstorms form most frequently in the U.S.? Why is this the case?​

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In the United States thunderstorms occur...

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Large hail is more common in Kansas than in Florida.​

A) True
B) False

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Many flash floods, including the one that occurred in Colorado's Big Thompson Canyon, are the result of thunderstorms that​


A) ​contain no lightning.
B) ​form in a dry air mass.
C) ​move slowly.
D) ​have weak or non-existent downdrafts.
E) ​lack the dissipating stage.

F) All of the above
G) D) and E)

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Thunderstorms that produce tornadoes​


A) ​have very little cloud-to-ground lightning.
B) ​have updraft velocities that exceed 100 miles per hour.
C) ​have rotating updrafts.
D) ​will not produce hail.
E) ​do not exist.

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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One theory for the electrification of clouds involves supercooled cloud droplets.​

A) True
B) False

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Ordinary cell thunderstorms most frequently form​


A) ​in the morning.
B) ​at noon.at noon.
C) ​in the afternoon.
D) ​in the evening.
E) ​at night.

F) A) and C)
G) B) and C)

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For ____ to occur, separate regions containing opposite electrical charges must exist within a cumulonimbus cloud.​


A) ​lightning
B) ​thunder
C) ​sonic boom
D) ​hail during a thunderstorm
E) ​tornadoes

F) None of the above
G) A) and B)

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One of the most common times to experience a thunderstorm in parts of Iowa and Missouri is between ____ and ____.​


A) ​early morning; noon
B) ​noon; late afternoon
C) ​midnight; dawn
D) ​late afternoon; evening
E) ​evening; midnight

F) A) and D)
G) A) and E)

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Floods that develop rapidly with little or no advance warning are called ____ floods.​


A) ​rapid
B) ​sudden
C) ​storm
D) ​thunderstorm
E) ​flash

F) A) and B)
G) B) and D)

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How do downdrafts form in ordinary cell thunderstorms?​

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​As the cloud builds well above the free...

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